A novel method was developed for the rapid determination of multi-indicators in corni fructus by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based least squares support vector machine was investigated to increase the levels of quality control. The calibration models of moisture, extractum, morroniside and loganin were established using the PSO-LS-SVM algorithm. The performance of PSO-LS-SVM models was compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The calibration and validation results of PSO-LS-SVM were superior to both PLS and BP-ANN. For PSO-LS-SVM models, the correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations were all above 0.942. The optimal prediction results were also achieved by PSO-LS-SVM models with the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and RSEP (relative standard errors of prediction) less than 1.176 and 15.5% respectively. The results suggest that PSO-LS-SVM algorithm has a good model performance and high prediction accuracy. NIR has a potential value for rapid determination of multi-indicators in Corni Fructus.
Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Support Vector Machine

Objective To analyze unsafely factors of elderly alimentary tract hemorrhage patients,strengthen nursing safety, assure nursing quality, improve patients' satisfaction and avoid adverse events happen to our bestMethods 223 elderly alimentary tract hemorrhage patients were collected from January to December in 2009, and safety factors, corresponding precaution have been made meanwhile.Days in hospital, recurrence of bleeding and passing rate of basic nursing and satisfaction rate of patients and incident of safety problems were compared with those 201 peering patients collected in 2008.Results Of all the physical factors, "suffering chronic disease in elderly patients" is most and accounts for 85.4%.Of all the psychological factors, "low economical status" is most and accounts for 54%. "Less communication between nurses and patients and inadequate instruction" is most (67%) of environmental and nurse staff factors.Average days in hospital were reduced in 2009 than in 2008 [(9.3 ±0.35)d vs(11.5 ±0.50)d, t =52.887, P ＜0.01].Passing rate,satisfaction rate were improved and bleeding recurrence rate were decreased, compared with those in 2008 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions It will gain better nursing efficacy through analyzing security issue carefully, finding out the disadvantage factor influencing patients' security and adopting effectve nursing safety control strategy.

Objective To assist the office workers with pre-diabetes to get rid of the unhealthy lifestyle by living behaviour intervention and to analyze the effect on them.Methods Totally 50 patients were selected who meet the standards of diabetes in the early stage after having medical check up.Following measurements were carried out:formulating healthy diets and exercising plans purposefully,holding special lectures periodically and handing out brochures on health education.Results Unhealthy life behaviour was greatly improved after being intervened for one year.The differences of fasting blood glucose and the blood glucose two hours after a meal were statistically difference between pre-and post-intervention.Conclusions The living behaviour intervention can obviously lower the danger of pre-diabetes and improve the cases' life quality.

OBJECTIVETo explore etiology, clinical manifestation and immunological changes of infectious pneumonia of neonates in Chengdu area.

METHODSSerum specimens were collected from 111 infants with infectious pneumonia. Eight viral and mycoplasmal specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); C reactive protein (CRP), total IgG and its subclasses, IgA and IgM were determined by rate scattered nephelometry; T lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method, and clinical and other laboratory data were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) Etiological agents: specific serum IgM antibodies were positive in 40 of 111 cases (36.0%) with pneumonias. All the 30 control infants were negative for the specific serum IgM antibodies. Among 111 infants with infectious pneumonia, 20.7% had single viral or mycoplasmal infection, 40.5% had bacterial infection, 15.3% had viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection; 23.4% had infection with unknown agents. (2) The most common clinical manifestations were tachypnea and cyanosis. The next were cough, milk choking, rales, retractions of the supraclavicular, intercostal and subcostal areas. Roentgenographic examination commonly revealed vague opacities, increased density and patchy infiltration. (3) Immune status: (1) CD(3), CD(4) cell counts of infants with pneumonias were lower than those of the controls while their serum IgA, IgM concentrations were higher than those of the control. (2) The CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts of the group with bacterial infection were lower than those of the control group. (3) The serum IgA concentration of the group with viral and mycoplasmal infection was higher than those of the control group and the group with unknown infection. (4) The serum IgM concentration of the group with bacterial infection was higher than those of the control group. (5) There were no significant differences in CD(8) cell counts, CD(4)/CD(8), concentration of serum IgG and IgG(1 - 4) between pneumonia group and the control group, and among various infectious groups and the control.

CONCLUSIONPathogens of neonatal infectious pneumonia in Chengdu area included single viral or mycoplasmic infection or bacterial infection, viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection, and unknown infection. Immunological changes of newborn infants suffered from infectious pneumonia included declined CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts, particularly in bacterial infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Bacterial Infections ; complications ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; metabolism ; Virus Diseases ; complications

OBJECTIVETo examine the urinary level of tissue factor (uTF) and its procoagulant activity (PCA) in patients with diabetes mellitus, and explore the relationship between uTF and renal damage in diabetes mellitus.

METHODSEighty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups according to urine albumin excretion (UACR), namely normal albuminuria group, microalbuminuria group and macroalbuminuria group. The levels of uTF, PCA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (CRE), serum cystatin C (CYSC), glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured in all the patients and 21 healthy controls.

RESULTSCompared with normal control, the diabetic patients showed significantly increased levels of uTF and PCA. The urinary TF-PCA was positively correlated to BUN, CYSC, CRE, UACR, fasting glucose and hs-CRP, but not to uTF; only hs-CRP, UACR were positively correlated to uTF.

CONCLUSIONuTF is probably implicated in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Adult ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Blood Coagulation ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatinine ; urine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thromboplastin ; urine

OBJECTIVETo confirm the diagnosis of multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) on the gene level and explore the mutations in Chinese children with MCD.

METHODSBiotinidase (BT) and holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) genes were analyzed by PCR and direct sequencing for the 4 BT deficiency patients and 8 HLCS deficiency patients, respectively. The identified mutations in the parents of the patients and 50 normal controls were screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing.

RESULTSTotal detection rate of gene mutation is 100% in the 12 children with MCD. Six mutations were detected in the 4 children with BT deficiency, they were c. 98-104del7ins3, c. 1369G>A (V457M), c. 1157G>A(W386X), c. 1284C>A(Y428X), c. 1384delA and c. 1493_1494insT. The last four were novel mutations. Four mutations were found in the 8 children with HLCS deficiency. They were c. 126G>T (E42D), c. 1994G>C (R665P), c. 1088T>A (V363D) and c. 1522C>T (R508W). The last two were hot-spot mutations [75%(12/16)], and c. 1994G>C (R665P) was a novel mutation.

CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed the diagnosis of 12 patients with MCD on the gene level. Six mutations were found in the BT gene and 4 in the HLCS gene, including 5 novel mutations. Two mutations of the HLCS gene are probably hot-spot mutations in Chinese children with HLCS deficiency.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biotinidase ; genetics ; Biotinidase Deficiency ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases ; deficiency ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutation

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for determination of strychnine and brucine in formaldehyde fixed tissue by LC-MS/MS analysis. METHODS: The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction using SCX cartridges and separated on SB-C18 column with mobile phase 0.1% formic acid : 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (75:25). Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was utilized and operated in positive ion mode. Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode was applied. External standard method was applied for quantitation. RESULTS: The chromatographic separation of strychnine and brucine in formaldehyde fixed nephritic and hepatic tissues resulted successfully. The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.002-2.0 microg/g for strychnine and brucine in formaldehyde fixed tissues, and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.996. The limits of detection (LOD) of strychnine and brucine in nephritic tissues were 0.06ng/g and 0.03 ng/g, respectively. The LOD of both chemicals were 0.3 ng/g in hepatic tissues. The extraction recovery rate was more than 74.5%. The precision of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 8.2%. CONCLUSION Strychnine and brucine can be sensitive to be determined in formaldehyde fixed tissue by LC-MS/MS analysis. It can be applied in the forensic toxicological analysis.
Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Forensic Toxicology ; Formaldehyde/chemistry* ; Formates ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Limit of Detection ; Liver/metabolism* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods* ; Strychnine/chemistry* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided aspiration with PICC catheter for the patients with malignant tumors.Methods Thirty patients with tumor from January to November 2012 in the General Department who were not able to draw blood directly were phlebotomized under the guidance of Site-Rite 5TM ultrasound,and the effect was analyzed.Results All 30 cases were successfully phlebotomized,with the rate of 100％.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided PICC catheter is a practical,safe and successful method to draw blood,which can improve the success rate and reduce patients' pain due to repeated punctures as well as the incidence of complications.It is a remedy for the traditional venous hemospasia and quite suitable for patients who cannot be phlebotomized successfully during the rescue.

Objective To study the natural history of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users (IDUs) detected in late 1989 in the study area and the factors related to survival of these IDUs infected with HIV. Methods 196 injecting drug users first detected during August and December, 1989 were observed in Ruili county, Yunnan province. Data gathered from the 20-year follow-up program was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results After 20 years' follow-up period, 90.3% of the 196 IDUs with HIV infection died, 5.1% of them were still alive, and 4.6% were lost. The crude pre-AIDS mortality rate was 98.1/1000 person-years, and the AIDS mortality rate was 54.9/1000 person-years. Malaria, septicemia were the main causes of death among the natural diseases whereas overdose and accidental causes were the principal causes related to those non-disease deaths.The median survival time from sero-conversion to death was 8.6 years (95%CI: 7.6-9.7). The median survival time from sero-conversion to death due to AIDS was 11.3 years (95%CI: 10.3-12.8) with the incubation time as around 10.3 years. People older than 30 years at seroconversion and length of drug usage were associated with shorter survival time, with hazards ratios as 1.9 and 0.7, respectively.Conclusion A high pre-AIDS mortality was observed among IDUs. Both the median survival time from sero-conversion to death and the HIV incubation period were shorter than that observed in the developed countries. Age of HIV infection seemed to have a strong effect on survival.

OBJECTIVEMethylmalonic acidemia complicated with homocysteinemia, cblC type, is the most common inborn error of cobalamin metabolism. The gene MMACHC (OMIM 277400) is located on chromosome 1p34.1 with four coding exons and a 5th non-coding exon. It encodes for a protein with 282 amino acid residues. So far, more than 40 mutations have been detected, in which 271dupA (R91KfsX14) is the hot spot of MMACHC gene. However, there have not been relevant reports in China. The present study aimed to identify the mutation types of MMACHC gene and analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese patients.

METHODThe diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on the measurement of C3 propionylcarnitine, C3/C0 (free carnitine) and C3/C2 (acetylcarnitine) in the blood by tandem mass spectrometry, the detection of methylmalonic acid in the urine by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry, the determination of total homocysteine in the serum, and the loading test of vitamin B12. The entire coding region of MMACHC gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 28 Chinese patients. Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method from the peripheral blood leukocytes of each patient. PCR amplification products were checked by 1.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and were subsequently sequenced with both the forward and reverse primers. Mutational analyses were performed using normal human genomic MMACHC sequence as a reference (GenBank ID: 25974).

RESULTIn this study, ten mutations were identified in 27 of 28 Chinese patients. Most of them were located in exons 3 and 4 (91.3%). We detected four mutations reported, which were 609G>A (W203X), 217C>T (R73X), 271dupA (R91KfsX14), and 394C>T (R132X), and six novel mutations, which were 1A>G, 365A>T, 658_660delAAG, 301-3_327del 30, 567_568insT, and 625_626insT. The 609G>A (W203X) is the most common mutation, which was detected in 30 of 56 alleles (53.6%), including 10 homozygote mutations and 10 heterozygote mutations. In addition, three gene polymorphisms were detected, namely, -302T>G (rs3748643), -234A>G (rs3728644), and 321G>A (rs2275276). These mutations include missense mutations, nonsense mutations, duplication, deletions, and insertions.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, we found a part of gene mutations spectrum in Chinese patients with methylmalonic acidemia and homocysteinemia, in which the 609G>A (W203X) may be the hotspot mutation of MMACHC gene. This would be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis and gene screening programs of methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinemia.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; genetics ; Cysteine ; blood ; DNA ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; complications ; genetics ; Methylmalonic Acid ; blood ; Mutation