This paper reports the results of treating peridontal diseases with local irrigate on of matronidazole in five different concentrations. Comparative percentages of spirochets and coccal bacteria in pefridontal diseases were determined. It was found that metronidazole in concentrations over 0.05% were effective in treating of simple periodontitis, necrotic gingivitis, pregnant gingivitis and marginal gingivitis cet. This methoa is useful for those who can not be adminished with oral route.

Objective:To investigate the treatment effect of combined forsus appliance on young people's Angel Ⅱ~1 malocclusion. Methods:13 Angel Ⅱ~1 cases during pre-peak or peak period was chosen, treated with combined forsus appliance for an average period of 5.5 months, evaluated treatment effect through cephalometric and cast measurement. Results: All canines and molars have reached class Ⅰ or over-class Ⅰrelations, 13 patients' mandibular retrognathia face have gained significant improvement. Conclusion: The combined forsus appliance can be used in early functional treatment, improve class Ⅱ face type and decrease the difficulty of the second period and enhanced treatment effect.

Genetically modified organisms, as a high-tech product, break through the limitation of different organisms and create new organisms through gene implanting from other kinds of organisms. They not only bring great benefits to human beings but also bring some ethical issues including the effect on environment,the effect on human health,and the respect to hatural law.Moreover,this article argues some ethical issues during the process of commercialization and sale including how to maintain the consumers' benefits,the protection on researchers through potent right,the precautionary principle and label issues.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the concentration of AstragalosideⅣin Yishenkangshuai tablet.METHODS:The sample was separated by using chloroform-ethyl acetatemethanol-water(15∶40∶22∶10)on the silica gel plates.The plate was scanned at510nm by camagⅡTLC scanner.RESULTS:The rate of recovery was99.28%and RSD was2.5%.CONCL_ USION:The method is simple,quick and repeatable.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)abnormality is an indicator of the degree of liver inflammation caused by immune activation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).However,approximately half of the CHB patients with normal or mildly elevated ALT levels have concealed significant changes in hepatic histology.CHB patients with normal or mildly elevated ALT levels may have significant histopatho-logical changes in hepatic tissues,and those changes vary between HBeAg(+)and HBeAg(-)CHB patients.Attention and investigation on the clinical management of CHB patients with normal or mildly elevated ALT levels may have great significance in grasping the right treat-ment opportunity and reducing the risk of liver cirrhosis.

To study the effect of high altitude on the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF ?1) during the healing process of radius fracture, a rat radius fracture model was established at a high altitude. The expression of TGF ?1 in callus was detected using of immunohistochemistry method. It was found that the expression of TGF ?1 in the rats of high altitude group were decreased significantly compared with the low altitude group, especially high altitude might affect the on day 3 and week 3 ( P

Objective To discuss difficulties and techniques of standard video-assisted thoracoscopic or laparoscopic surgery(SVATS or SVALS) for spine internal fixation.Methods Between July 2004 and September 2005,6 cases of vertebral lesions located in the T_5～L_1 segment(including 2 cases of vertebral tuberculosis) were given SVATS under single-lung ventilation for resection of diseased vertebral body,reconstruction with autograft or titanium mesh cage,and fixation with the Z-plate system or the CD-Horizon system.Other 2 cases of vertebral tuberculosis located in the L_2～L_3 segment underwent retroperitoneal gasless SVALS for lesion debridement,reconstruction with autograft,and fixation with the Z-plate system.For cases of vertebral tuberculosis,(anti-tuberculosis) drugs were administrated preoperatively for 3 weeks and postoperatively for 6 months.Results The lesion debridement and anterior decompression was completed in all the 8 cases,including internal fixation with the Z-Plate system in 7 cases and with the CD-Horizon system in 1 case.There were 5 cases of iliac autografting and 3 cases of titanium mesh cage reconstruction.The operative time was 6.5~12.6 h(mean,8.7 h) and the blood loss during surgery was 250~1 800 ml(mean,950 ml).The correction of the Cobb angle was 5?~18?(mean,12?).During a follow-up period for 2~13 months(mean,7.4 months) in the 8 cases,nerve functions recovered by 1~2 Frankel grade in 5 cases,and the Cobb angle lost by 4? at 6 months postoperatively in 1 case of metastatic adenocarcinoma at the T_7 segment.Conclusions Spine internal fixation of T_5～L_3 segment can be conducted successfully with SVATS or SVALS.The key to the question is accurate orientation of the port site,proper hemostasis of the segment blood vessel,and careful resection of the anterior wall of the vertebral canal.

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomechanical properties of transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) prepared from magnesium alloy and titanium alloy for the atlantoaxial dislocation by using three-dimensional finite element analysis and to exam the feasibility of using magnesium alloy for preparation of TARP system so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgery.MethodsA patient with typical atlantoaxial fracture dislocation was involved in the study,and received thin CT scan with clinically used titanium alloy TARP system for obtaining DICOM image data.Three-dimensional finite element analysis software was imported to simulate magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems for reduction and fixation.Then,stress changes of the atlas,axis,internal fixators and C2/3 zygapophysial joints were determined with three-dimensional finite element analysis and analyzed statistically.Results ( 1 ) The finite element model of atlantoaxial dislocation reduction and fixation had lifelike outline and good geometric similarity.There were 53 586 nodes and 180 784 units.(2) During the simulation of head in neutral position,the stress concentration region was C2/3 zygapophysial joints followed by the anterior arch,posterior arch and lateral mass of atlas respectively,and C2 vertebral arch again.( 3 )Magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems showed significant difference in stress distribution (P ＜0.05).Conclusions(1)The atlantoaxial model established according to its structure information on CT can be used for biomechanical experiments.(2) For the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using the existing titanium TARP system,maintaining the integrity of anterior and posterior arch of atlas and confirming the bone fusion in lateral mass can better keep the stability of the atlantoaxis.After atlantoaxial fusion,the increased stress of the zygapophysial joints of the adjacent segments accelerates structural degeneration,which should be closely followed up.( 3 ) Magnesium alloy TARP system for fixation and reduction shows the fall in peak value of the stress concentration region,and improvement of the uniformity of stress distribution as compared with titanium alloy TARP.

Objective To investigate the use of feeding support and influencing factors of oral feeding among premature infants. Methods Totally 103 premature infants with oral feeding problems hospitalized during June to December 2014 were enrolled. The postmenstrual age and feeding support were observed at the time of initiation oral feeding and full oral feeding. Moreover, the progress and performance of oral feeding, the daily increase in weight, the time of body weight regain, the time of assisted ventilation and length of hospital stay and so on were calculated. Results There were 96 premature infants using feeding support at the time of initiation oral feeding and 58 premature infants at the time of full oral feeding. Logistic regression analysis showed that birth gestational age(OR=2.195, P<0.01), birth weight(OR=1.003, P<0.01), severity of illness(OR=0.121, P<0.01) and feeding tolerance(OR=0.007, P<0.01)were important factors of oral feeding among premature infants. Conclusions The premature infants with small gestational age at birth, low birth weight, severity of illness, and feeding intolerance are high risk populations of oral feeding. Nurses should take timely risk assessment and interventions to reduce the occurrence of stopping oral feeding.

Objective To establish a scientific and feasible evaluation index system of the quality of health education among the elderly in the community.Methods Based on the results of literature review,theory analysis,cross-sectional study and interviews,a draft evaluation index system was formulated.Then Delphi method was conducted on 28 specialists around the country,the weight of each index was determined by hierarchy analysis.Results After three rounds of Delphi procedure,the response rates of the three round consultation were all above 85％,and the authority coefficient and coordination coefficients was 0.858,0.210,respectively.An evaluation index system which covered three first-level items,7 second-level items and 35 third-level items was formulated.Conclusions Based on survey of the elderly and interviews of health education staffs in the community,and using the method of Delphi to collect experts' suggestion,a strong maneuverability and high reliability quality evaluation index system was formulated,which provided guidance for community health education of the elderly,and promoted its development towards scientization and standardization.