As a connecting bridge between innate immunity and specific immunity,the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in inflammation,cellular signal transduction,and cell apoptosis.TLRs are also essential factors participating in immune regulation and immune escape in the pathogenesis and development of malignant tumors.A large number of clinical and experimental research have shown that the abnormal expression of TLRs can be detected in adenocarcinoma,such as lung cancer,breast cancer and colon caner.In recent years,the relationship between gynecologic malignant tumor and TLRs has received great interest.This article will review and summarize research progress of TLRs in ovarian cancer,cervical cancer,and endometrial neoplasia.

Objective To perform mutation screening on the OTOF gene of 76 Chinese patients with sporadic auditory neuropathy for investigating whether the patients contained mutational hotspots in the OTOF gene,identifying the distribution and frequencies of OTOF mutations,and detecting new mutation points in the OTOF gene.Methods Genemic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral venous blood samples of the patients.9 primer pairs were designed using the Primer 5.0 software package for 9 exons of the OTOF gene,in which mutations had been discovered in the past.The exons were amplified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and direct sequencing of the PCR products was performed to detect OTOF mutations.For analysing the sequence data,the DNAStar 5.0 software package was used.Results 8 types of OTOF polymorphic alleles were discovered in this study.Among them,the 82 769delAG deletion mutation was only found in a patient diagnosed with temperature sensitive auditory neuropathy.In exon 25 of this patient's OTOF gene,the AG deletion mutation caused the replacement of amino acid at positions 993~999 and resulted in a truncated protein at position 1 000 amino acid(exon 26),which caused an early stop codon.(This protein has 1997 amino acids in all).Nevertheless,no other mutations were found in this patient's OTOF gene.The heterozygous 76 378C/T and 82 913G/A polymorphisms were single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) discovered in this study.Other SNP found were 56 842A/C,82 885C/A,and 92 905G/A,which had been already published by NCBI.In addition,92 995C/T and 96 888C/T were heterozygous mutations found in the exons,but did not cause the replacement of acid amino.Conclusion Eight SNPs were found in the OTOF gene of the Chinese patients in this study.However,mutations,which were previously identified in other ethnic origins in the literature,were not found in these patients.Thus,the result implied that the Chinese patients with auditory neuropathy may contain new OTOF mutations or other relevant disease-causing genes.

The mouse heart was transplanted into the neck of rat using the cuff technique deseribed by Heron with a little modification.The graft accending aorta to the host common carotiel artery and the graft pulmonary artery to the host exteral jugular vein were performed.22 times of formal transplantation were done with the successful rate being 86%.The mean survival time was 2.10±0.80 days.The method is easy,quick and reliable.The superficial cervical localigation of the transplant is easily observed.This is a good model to observe the hyperacute rejection(HAR),to induce the translantation tolerance,and to screen the new immunosuppressive agents.

Objective To investigate the effect of emulsified isoflurane preconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the mechanism. Methods Fifty-six healthy male adult SD rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 14): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱfocal cerebral I/R; group Ⅲ emulsified isoflurane preconditioning and group Ⅳ fat emulsion preconditioning. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using a nylon thread with rounded tip inserted into internal carotid artery and advanced cranially until resistance was met. MCAO was maintained for 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ 8% emulsified isoflurane 7.5 ml/kg and 3% fat emulsion 7.5 ml/kg were injected intraperitoneally at 24 h before MCAO respectively. Neurologic outcome was evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion and scored (0 = no deficit, 4 = unable to crawl, loss of consciousness). The animals were then killed and brains removed. The infarct size was assessed. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL and calculated. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C and caspase-3 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The neurologic deficit scores were significantly lower in emulsified isoflurane preconditioning group than in I/R group. Preconditioning with emulsified isoflurane significantly decreased the infarct size and the number of apoptotic cells and increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein and inhibited the expression of Bax, cytochrome C and caspace-3 protein. Conclusion Emulsified iscflurane preconditioning can protect the brain from focal cerebral I/R by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression and decreasing Bax protein expression, and reducing cytochrome C release from mitochondria, caspase-3 activation and neuronal apoptosis.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides those are able to bind tightly,by their specific three-dimensional shapes,to a variety of targets.Because of numerous merits ( high affinity,high specificity,small size,little immunogenicity,stable structures,and ease of synthesis),aptamers represent a valid alternative to antibodies and become a valuable research tool and show great application to fundamental research,drug selection and clinical diagnosis and therapy.The review describe the applications and the possible applications of aptamers in the diagnosis,treatment and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Objective To observe the diagnostic value of thinprep cytologic test(TCT) and Pap smear in cervical disease.Methods The cervix cytological examination 7600 women were divided into two groups.The TCT was applied to the observation group(3800 cases).The Pap smear was applied to the control group (3800 cases).Results The positive rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was higher in the observation group(17.26%,656/3800)than that in the control group(12.24%,465/3800)(P<0.01).The coincident rate with histopathology was higher in the observation group(96.34%,632/656)than that in the control group(87.53%,407/465)(P<0.05).But the positive rate of trichomonad was not obviously significant between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The TCT is better than Pap smear,which is worthy of being recommended in diagnosis of cervical disease.

Objective To analyze types, mechanism and forensic identification for traumatic visual loss. Methods 109 cases of the evaluation for impairment and disability on traumatic visual loss were retrospectively analyzed, including interocular differences, anisometropia, left or right eye and the distributions of visual acuity, etc. Results The male-to-female ratio was 5.8:1, mainly 30~59 years of age. The ratio of monocular versus binocular injuries was 17.17:1. The ratio of left versus right injured eye was 1.39:1 in intentional injury cases. 115 eyes were injured, 83 of which were in low vision or blindness. 95 patients(87.16%) had large interocular differences( ≥ 3 lines). There were 9 patients with anisometropia from 2.25D to 6.00D and 23 patients with anisometropia larger than 6.00D. Conclusion Interocular differences and anisometropia are common in practice, which are not included in the expertise standard yet. Functional vision should be considered when developing the expertise standard.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of eucalyptol in Chimonanthus Zhejiangensis. METH-ODS:GC was conducted with Zebron ZB-WAX capillary column with temperature programmed;FID detector was used with the temperature of 250 ℃;the volume temperature was 220 ℃ and the carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity. RESULTS:Eucalyp-tol had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.017 69-1.415 mg/ml(r=0.999 1);the RSDs of precisions,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were no more than 1.87%and the average recovery was 99.72%(RSD=0.65%,n=6).There were big differences in dif-ferent areas of the same month and the maximum was more than one time (1.064%-0.450%);there were also big differences in the same area of different months(0.633%-1.064%). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,fast and reproducible and suitable for the quality control of Chimonanthus Zhejiangensis.

Objective To explore the relationship between self- management and DOSE index for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The convenient sampling and Pearson correlation analysis was used in the study,a total of 81 patients was investigated with Self- Management Scale (SMS) for COPD patients and DOSE index. Results The relationship of symptom management and DOSE index for COPD patients was a positive correlation (r=0.259, P<0.05);with self- efficacy was a negative correlation(r=-0.288, P<0.05).But self- management, daily life management, emotion management and information management with DOSE index were no correlation (P>0.05). Conclusions Through health education, nurses should strengthen to effectively help patients manage symptoms, enhance self- efficacy, improve the patients′quality of life.

Objective To develop a questionnaire for factors influencing the quality of nursing interns.Methods The factors influencing the quality of nursing interns were formulated through literature review,interview and expert consultation.The pre-questionnaire was developed after modification.Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of this questionnaire.Results Six common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis.Factor loading ranged from 0.487 to 0.889 for each item.The Cronbach α of the total scale was 0.814,and that of subscales ranged from 0.802 to 0.863.Retest-reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.863,and that of subscales ranged from 0.794 to 0.931.Conclusions The self-designed questionnaire for factors influencing the quality of nursing interns has good reliability and validity,and can be used to measure the influencing factors for nursing interns.