OBJECTIVE:To define the basic elements clinical pharmacists should possess in clinical treatment team.METHODS:The purpose of setting clinical pharmacists system was investigated.Different working scope and different professional requirements of clinical pharmacists and physicians were explored.The basic elements clinical pharmacists should possess in clinical treatment team were found out.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmacist system of our country is a significant progress of the hospital clinical system.Clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment team must have four basic elements:clinical responsibility,clinical action,clinical ability and clinical effect.Only in this way,could clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment team become an irreplaceable part.

Understanding heart development at a molecular level is a prerequisite for uncovering the causes of congenital heart diseases .Such knowledge can also greatly benefit therapeutic approaches that try to enhance cardiac regeneration or that involve the differentiation of resident cardiac progenitor cells .Wnt proteins have been shown to play multiple roles dur-ing cardiac development .They are extracellular growth factors that activate different intracellular signaling branches .Here, we summarize our current understanding of how these factors affect different aspects of cardiogenesis , from early specifica-tion of cardiac progenitors to later developmental steps , such as remodeling processes .

Background The early diagnosis and treatment is vital for the age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Previous examining methods were fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography (OCT).However,a new diagnostic technique,fundus autofluorescence(FAF),is applying in ophthalmology.objective This study was to observe the FAF characteristics of atrophic AMD. Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 28 patients with atrophic AMD were diagnosed and collected in our hospital and classified based on the criteria of Chen Song.FAF was performed by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope(Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2,HRA2).Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images or color fundus photographs.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to the examination. Results Areas with abnormal increased or decreased FAF signals were consisted or unconsisted with funduscopically visible alterations.Seven manifestations of FAF were found in the eyes with preatrophic stage of atrophic AMD,including slight change,focal increase pattern,patchy pattern,linear pattern,lacelike pattern,reticular pattern,and speckled pattern.In atrophic stage of atrophic AMD,geographic atrophy showed a well-defined hypoautofluorescence area;while non-geographic atrophy showed a ill-defined hypoautofluorescence area.There were three abnormal FAF patterns(focal,band and diffuse)in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy and diffuse pattern in the junctional zone of non-geographic atrophy. Conclusion FAF imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of atrophic AMD as a new non-invasive technique.

Objective To investigate the pathophysiological changes in irradiation-induced heart injury in rats in order to provide preventive and therapeutic strategies for irradiation-induced heart disease(RIHD).Methods Experiments were performed using female Wistar rats with body weight of approximately 220g.12 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups(sham-irradiated group and irradiated group).Heart of rats was locally irradiated with 60Co ?-ray at a dosage of 20 Gy.During the post-radiation period,the intake of food and activities of the animals were observed daily and the body weight was recorded monthly.On the 120th day after irradiation,myocardial perfusion was tested using real time myocardial contrast echocardiography(RTMCE).On the 180th day after irradiation,the hearts were isolated from the rats of the both groups,and they were perfused with a Langendorff apparatus.Hemodynamic measurements,including peak systolic LV pressure(LVSP),maximal rate of LV pressure rise(LV dp/dtmax)and fall(LV dp/dtmin)were studied.Then the hearts were examined pathologically with HE staining.Results Animals irradiated with single dose of 20Gy locally were apparently in a good condition during the observation period of 180 days.No differences in food intake,physical activities and body weight were observed between irradiated and control animals.However,myocardial blood velocity(beta)of irradiated rats was significantly lower than that of sham irradiated group(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanisms of main active ingredients of Siwu decoction analogous formulae for treating primary dysmenorrhea of gynecology blood stasis syndrome by network pharmacology study, and to investigate the correlations between multi-compounds, multi targets and multi pathways.

METHODMajor active compounds from Siwu decoction analogous formulae, including ligustilide, butylidene phthalide, senkyunolide, ferulic acid, gallic acid, peoniflorin, jioglutin A, catalpol, transanethole, zingiberone, commiphoric acid, eugenol, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, wulingzhic acid, alpha-cyperone, cyperene, costunolide, costic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, amygdalin, 24-methylene cycloartanol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, coptisine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin were collected to build component-protein networks based on PharmMapper database. The targets information access was used to construct and visualize components-targets-pathways network model using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway database and Cytoscape software.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONSerine threonine protein kinases play an important role in the process of cells. They were potential targets in the effect of Siwu decoction analogous formulae. The effect of main active ingredients involved 51 the pathway. Besides the same ones, Shaofu Zhuyu decoction had more effect on lipid metabolism, Xiangfu Siwu decoction on amino acid metabolism pathways, Taohong Siwu decoction on carbohydrate metabolism, while, Qinlian Siwu decoction on ErbB, VEGF signal transduction pathway. Siwu decoction and its derived formulae not only had common targets and pathways, but also had their own emphasis. This reflected the formulae effect mode of multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways. It may provide clues to deeper study of molecular mechanism of Siwu decoction analogous formulae action.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; genetics

Adult ; Female ; Gas Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Glycoproteins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: There is still no satisfactory therapy for thetreatment of cerebral infarction at present. Although sub-hypothermia is effective in the treatment of cerebral infarction, its side effect is relatively more. Local sub-hypothermia might have favorable effects in the treatment of cerebral infarction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of local sub-hypothermia on the ischemic brain tissues in rats to further explore its mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized controlled basic study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Institute of neurology of a university hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Animal Laboratory of Neurology, the First College for Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University between April 2000 and January 2002. Fifty male Wistar rats(cleanness grade) with a bodyweight of(250 ± 25) g were selected.INTERVENTIONS: Ten rats were randomly selected from the 50 rats and divided into normal group and sham-operation group with 5 rats each. The rest 40 rats were randomly divided into normal temperature cerebral ischemia group and local hypothermia cerebral ischemia group with 20 rats each. Rat cerebral middle-sized arterial ischemia model was established for local sub-hypothermia disposal.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Impacts on cerebral infarction volume,nerve function, and neuron-specific enolase(NSE) of rats in each group.RESULTS: The cerebral infarction volume at 48 hours after embolism in rats was ( 128.95 ± 13.42) or (84.90 ± 11.36) mm3 respectively, nerve function evaluation was( 1.60 ± 0. 24) or (0. 95 ± 0. 17), and serous NSE concentration was(13.55±4.07) or(9.19±3.42) μg/L in either sub-hypothermia group or normal temperature group, which were significantly different from each other.CONCLUSION: Local sub-hypothermia therapy has protective effects on ischemic cerebral neurons.

Cas9 is a RNA-guided double stranded DNA nuclease that participates in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Wide-type Cas9 directly silences the expression of target gene by gene splicing. The engineered dCas9 protein with the mutation at D10A and H840A lacks the Cas9' s endonuclease function but keeps its DNA binding activity. dCas9 can activate special genes by fusing with transcription activator. Meanwhile,it can inhibit the gene transcription by directly binding to the target gene and stop gene transcrip?tion. Combination of light sensitive structures and CRISPR can produce light-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system for control of gene expres?sion. This system is able to activate or inhibit gene expression via the use of controlling blue light(470 nm). In this review,we mainly discuss the development of the light inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system as well as its application in the control of gene expression.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the work model of clinical pharmacists that tailored to the needs of clinical pharmacy in China.METHODS:The definition and the contents of pharmaceutical diagnosis were expounded.Based on the contents and clinical experience,a pharmaceutical diagnosis table was designed and its clinical application was exemplified.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical diagnosis table can help pharmacists in their clinical practice to find problems related to drug use and improve pharmacists’ job skill and pharmaceutical care quality to serve for clinical pharmaceutical practice.