OBJECTIVE:To define the basic elements clinical pharmacists should possess in clinical treatment team.METHODS:The purpose of setting clinical pharmacists system was investigated.Different working scope and different professional requirements of clinical pharmacists and physicians were explored.The basic elements clinical pharmacists should possess in clinical treatment team were found out.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmacist system of our country is a significant progress of the hospital clinical system.Clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment team must have four basic elements:clinical responsibility,clinical action,clinical ability and clinical effect.Only in this way,could clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment team become an irreplaceable part.

Background The early diagnosis and treatment is vital for the age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Previous examining methods were fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography (OCT).However,a new diagnostic technique,fundus autofluorescence(FAF),is applying in ophthalmology.objective This study was to observe the FAF characteristics of atrophic AMD. Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 28 patients with atrophic AMD were diagnosed and collected in our hospital and classified based on the criteria of Chen Song.FAF was performed by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope(Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2,HRA2).Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images or color fundus photographs.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to the examination. Results Areas with abnormal increased or decreased FAF signals were consisted or unconsisted with funduscopically visible alterations.Seven manifestations of FAF were found in the eyes with preatrophic stage of atrophic AMD,including slight change,focal increase pattern,patchy pattern,linear pattern,lacelike pattern,reticular pattern,and speckled pattern.In atrophic stage of atrophic AMD,geographic atrophy showed a well-defined hypoautofluorescence area;while non-geographic atrophy showed a ill-defined hypoautofluorescence area.There were three abnormal FAF patterns(focal,band and diffuse)in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy and diffuse pattern in the junctional zone of non-geographic atrophy. Conclusion FAF imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of atrophic AMD as a new non-invasive technique.

Understanding heart development at a molecular level is a prerequisite for uncovering the causes of congenital heart diseases .Such knowledge can also greatly benefit therapeutic approaches that try to enhance cardiac regeneration or that involve the differentiation of resident cardiac progenitor cells .Wnt proteins have been shown to play multiple roles dur-ing cardiac development .They are extracellular growth factors that activate different intracellular signaling branches .Here, we summarize our current understanding of how these factors affect different aspects of cardiogenesis , from early specifica-tion of cardiac progenitors to later developmental steps , such as remodeling processes .

Objective To investigate the pathophysiological changes in irradiation-induced heart injury in rats in order to provide preventive and therapeutic strategies for irradiation-induced heart disease(RIHD).Methods Experiments were performed using female Wistar rats with body weight of approximately 220g.12 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups(sham-irradiated group and irradiated group).Heart of rats was locally irradiated with 60Co ?-ray at a dosage of 20 Gy.During the post-radiation period,the intake of food and activities of the animals were observed daily and the body weight was recorded monthly.On the 120th day after irradiation,myocardial perfusion was tested using real time myocardial contrast echocardiography(RTMCE).On the 180th day after irradiation,the hearts were isolated from the rats of the both groups,and they were perfused with a Langendorff apparatus.Hemodynamic measurements,including peak systolic LV pressure(LVSP),maximal rate of LV pressure rise(LV dp/dtmax)and fall(LV dp/dtmin)were studied.Then the hearts were examined pathologically with HE staining.Results Animals irradiated with single dose of 20Gy locally were apparently in a good condition during the observation period of 180 days.No differences in food intake,physical activities and body weight were observed between irradiated and control animals.However,myocardial blood velocity(beta)of irradiated rats was significantly lower than that of sham irradiated group(P

Cas9 is a RNA-guided double stranded DNA nuclease that participates in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Wide-type Cas9 directly silences the expression of target gene by gene splicing. The engineered dCas9 protein with the mutation at D10A and H840A lacks the Cas9' s endonuclease function but keeps its DNA binding activity. dCas9 can activate special genes by fusing with transcription activator. Meanwhile,it can inhibit the gene transcription by directly binding to the target gene and stop gene transcrip?tion. Combination of light sensitive structures and CRISPR can produce light-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system for control of gene expres?sion. This system is able to activate or inhibit gene expression via the use of controlling blue light(470 nm). In this review,we mainly discuss the development of the light inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system as well as its application in the control of gene expression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanisms of main active ingredients of Siwu decoction analogous formulae for treating primary dysmenorrhea of gynecology blood stasis syndrome by network pharmacology study, and to investigate the correlations between multi-compounds, multi targets and multi pathways.

METHODMajor active compounds from Siwu decoction analogous formulae, including ligustilide, butylidene phthalide, senkyunolide, ferulic acid, gallic acid, peoniflorin, jioglutin A, catalpol, transanethole, zingiberone, commiphoric acid, eugenol, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, wulingzhic acid, alpha-cyperone, cyperene, costunolide, costic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, amygdalin, 24-methylene cycloartanol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, coptisine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin were collected to build component-protein networks based on PharmMapper database. The targets information access was used to construct and visualize components-targets-pathways network model using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway database and Cytoscape software.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONSerine threonine protein kinases play an important role in the process of cells. They were potential targets in the effect of Siwu decoction analogous formulae. The effect of main active ingredients involved 51 the pathway. Besides the same ones, Shaofu Zhuyu decoction had more effect on lipid metabolism, Xiangfu Siwu decoction on amino acid metabolism pathways, Taohong Siwu decoction on carbohydrate metabolism, while, Qinlian Siwu decoction on ErbB, VEGF signal transduction pathway. Siwu decoction and its derived formulae not only had common targets and pathways, but also had their own emphasis. This reflected the formulae effect mode of multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways. It may provide clues to deeper study of molecular mechanism of Siwu decoction analogous formulae action.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; genetics

Objective To explore the influence of cyclosporin on C-reactive protein (CRP),transforming growth factor-?1( TGF- ?1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in rats with asthma. Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, dexamethasone group,low- dose and high-dose of cyclosporin groups. The changes of CRP, TGF-?1, MMPs and TIMPs in samples were measured by computerized image analysis system.Results The contents of CRP, TGF-?1, MMPs and TIMPs in model group were significantly higher than those of control group(all P0.05).Conclusion CRP,TGF-?1,MMPs and TIMPs are related to asthma and certain dose of cyclosporin is similar to hormone.

AIM:To explore the differences between unilateral recess-resection (R & R) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR-rec) in the treatment of basic intermittent exotropia.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of treatment of basic intermittent exotropia in 89 patients,in which 49 cases underwent unilateral recess-resection,40 cases underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession of external rectus retroperitoneal surgery January 2013 to January 2015 in our hospital.The stereopsis and strabismus were observed in 1d,1,6mo,1 and 2a after operation.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate and oblique degree between the two groups after 1d,1,6mo,1 and 2a (all P>0.05),but the success rate of the operation was reducing as time passed.After 2d of the operation,the drift of the R & R group was 12.10±5.74PD and the drift of the BLR-rec group was 7.78±4.21PD,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021).The R & R group was more likely to cause lateral slanting than BLR-rec group.Two groups of patients with nearly stereopsis were both significantly improved,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the two groups (x2=4.530,P=0.210).CONCLUSION: The long-term stability of BLR-rec is superior to R & R.

Objective To systematically review the efficiency of 18 F-FDG PET in glioma grading by using Meta-analysis. Methods Retrieval in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)was performed. Relevant papers concerning with glioma diagnoses with 18 F- FDG PET were selected. Paper quality was evaluated according to the standard of diagnostic test recommended by Cochrane Workshop. The data of glioma malignancy degree defined as semi-quantitatively and qualitatively were extracted from the papers. Meta-analysis was conducted with the Meta-Disc software to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval (CI). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was performed and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results Seven hundred and fifty-three patients from 17 papers ( 16 in English, 1 in Chinese) were included. Two hundred and seventy-two patients from 11 papers were using semi-quantitative (tumor to cortex ratio, T/C; tumor to white matter ratio,T/W) method and 481 patients from 9 papers were using qualitative method (visual observation, some of the papers had 2 or more methods). After heterogeneity test was done, different effect models were selected. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% CI for T/C group was 0. 952 (95% CI: 0. 903 -0. 980), 0. 409 (95% CI: 0. 318-0. 504) and 11. 746 (95% CI:5. 368-25. 702) respectively. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and DOR with 95% CI for T/W group was 0. 857 (95% CI: 0. 768-0. 922), 0. 538 (95% CI: 0. 431 -0. 642) and 22. 066 (95% CI:7. 077-68. 800) respectively. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR)with 95% CI for qualitative method was 0.810 (95%CI: 0.757-0.855), 0.870 (95%CI: 0. 819-0.911 ) and 15.282 (95% CI: 3. 716-62. 851 ) respectively. The AUC for T/C group, T/W group and qualitative method was 0.8604, 0. 8373 and 0. 8724 respectively. Conclusions Grading glioma by 18 F-FDG PET with semi-quantitative method may provide high diagnostic sensitivity. If qualitative method is used, the diagnostic specificity may be higher.