Objective:To answer the question whether executive function(EF) deficits are specific to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or whether such deficits are also associated with disruptive behavior disorders(DBD),including oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) and conductive disorder(CD).Methods:A total of 19 pure ADHD boys,19 ADHD + DBD boys and 19 normal controls(criteria of DSM-Ⅳ) were collected as our samples.The groups were matched by age(less than 6 months).The research instruments included Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test, trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The differences of IQs weren't significant among three groups.(1) Both pure ADHD group and ADHD+DBD group performed worse(P0.05).(2) Pure ADHD group also showed deficits in the aspects of errors of Stroop 2,time and errors of Stroop 3, word interference time;immediate memory structure score of Rey complex figure test;time and errors of number-letter part and shifting time of trail making test;total time and steps of completing tower of Hanoi.The differences were significant(P

Objective:To study the executive function(EF)characteristics in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)comorbid learning disabilities(LD).Methods:A total of 22 pure ADHD boys,22 ADHD + LD boys and 22 normal controls(by criteria of DSM-Ⅳ)were collected as our samples.The groups were matched by ages(less than 6 months)and ADHD subtypes.The research instruments included the Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test,trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The differences of VIQ weren't significant among the three groups;pure ADHD and ADHD+LD groups had lower PIQ than the control group;ADHD+LD boys had lower IQ than the controls.The performance in the EF tests:(1)Both pure ADHD and ADHD+LD groups performed worse in the aspects of time of number-letter part and shifting time,the repeat response of verbal fluency,and the differences were significant.But the differences between ADHD and ADHD+LD weren't significant.(2)ADHD+LD group also showed deficits in the aspects of time and errors of Stroops 2 and 4,time of Stroop 4,word interference time,the immediate memory and delayed recalling detail score of Rey complex figure test,time of number trail making,error steps(rule violation)of Tow of Hanoi,and the differences were significant.(3)Both ADHD+LD and pure ADHD groups made more errors in the naming color of the color-word card(Stroop part 4),and ADHD+LD boys performed worse than pure ADHD boys.Conclusion:The findings support the hypothesis that ADHD is related to EF deficit,whether or not comorbid LD.ADHD+LD showed significant difference in the aspects of inhibition,working memory,set shifting and fluency as compared with normal group,ADHD+LD boys perform more poorly than the pure ADHD boys.It's plausible that both ADHD and LD are associated with deficits of executive function.

Objective To investigate the influence and clinical significance of single and dual-chamber pacing on central aortic pressure (CAP) and augmentation index (AI) in non-smoking individuals. Methods Totally, 83 non-smokers with pacemaker-implanted were consecutively enrolled in this study, and they were divided into three groups:dual-chamber pacemaker group (DDD, n=35), single-chamber pacemaker group (VVI, n=33) and control group (n=15). Heart rate (HR), CAP, AI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in three groups of patients. Finally, DDD pacing mode was turned into VVI pacing mode in patients of DDD group and the indexes were measured again. All of the indexes were recorded and analyzed. Results There were no significant changes in baseline characteristics and laboratory data between three groups (P>0.05). Left atrial diameters were significantly higher in VVI group than those of control group (P<0.05). Values of CAP were significantly higher in DDD group than those of control group and VVI group (P<0.05). Values of AI, corrected AI (AIc) and brachial BP were significantly higher in DDD group than those of VVI group (P<0.05). Values of CAP and brachial BP were significantly lower in VVI group than those of control group (P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in AI and AIC between VVI group and control group (P>0.05). All of these indexes (CAP, AI and brachial BP) were significantly reduced after the pacing mode was changed (P<0.05). Conclusion In non-smokers, dual-chamber pacing mode can increase CAP and AI.

Objective:To explore whether methylphenidate(MPH) can improve the executive function(EF) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) children and the degree of the improvements.Method:We conducted an open study of 29 children(25 boys and 4 girls) who met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD.The variations of their EF before and after methylphenidate extended-release tablets [osmotic release oral system(OROS) methylphenidate] treatment were evaluated,and the differences of EF between 24 ADHD boys before and after treatment and 24 age-matched typically developing control boys were compared.The research instruments included Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test,trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The performances of errors in Stroop 1,time and errors of Stroops 2 and 4;the immediate memory and delay recalling of structure and detail score of RCFT;time of number-letter trail making,shifting time;total time and steps,rule violation of tower of Hanoi improved significantly after OROS methylphenidate treatment as compared with those before treatment.They were no significant differences between ante-and post-treatment. The initiation planning time of tower of Hanoi was significantly shorter after treatment as compared with that before treatment.Conclusion:This study suggests that methylphenidate can improve the executive function in the aspects of inhibition,visual working memory,set shifting and planning in ADHD children,and almost all aspects of EF can reach the normal level except the inhibition.

Chimonanthus plants are endemic in China, which was rich and widely distributed; And its roots, stems, leaves, buds, and fruit can be used as medicine. It is a traditional garden flower and folk medicine, which has a great prospect for development. In this paper, the constituents flavonoids and coumarins from the genus Chimonanthus plants and its pharmacological activities were systematically reviewed, and their research status and development prospects were prospected to provide reference for the further research and development of Chimonanthus plants.

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC₅₀ values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified as a novel human coronavirus and posed great threat to public health world wide,which calls for the development of effective and safe vaccine urgently. In the study, peptide epitopes tagrgeting spike antigen were predicted based on bioinformatics methods. Nine polypeptides with high scores were synthesized and linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Female BALB/C mice were immunized with individual polypeptide-KLH, and the total IgG was detected by ELISA as well as the cellular mediated immunity (CMI) was analyzed using ELIs-pot assay. The results showed that an individual peptide of YVDVGPDSVKSACIEVDIQQTFFDKTWPRPIDVSKADGI could induce the highest level of total IgG as well as CMI (high frequency of IFN-γ secretion) against MERS-CoV antigen in mice. Our study identified a promising peptide vaccine candidate against MERS-CoV and provided an experimental support for bioinformatics-based design of peptide vaccine.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Computational Biology ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Peptides ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To express the receptor binding domain (RBD) protein of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and to characterize the antigenicity of the purified recombi-nant protein. Methods The codon-optimized gene encoding the RBD protein of MERS-CoV was synthesized and then cloned into the pET30a ( +) vector to construct the recombinant expression plasmid. The trans-formed E. coli BL21 (DE3) strains carrying expression plasmid were induced by IPTG under different condi-tions. The expressed products were purified by using nickel affinity chromatography and further analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. Indirect ELISA was performed to analyze the antigenicity and specificity of RBD proteins expressed in prokaryotic expression systems in human serological test. Results The recom-binant RBD proteins were mainly expressed as conclusion body in an optimal induction condition of 37℃ and 0. 5 mmol/ L IPTG for 4 h. The high purified recombinant RBD proteins were obtained through denaturation and renaturation with a relative molecular mass of about 29×103 . Results of the Western blot assay showed that the recombinant RBD proteins could have specific reaction with the serum samples collected form mice with MERS-CoV infection. Indirect ELISA revealed that the RBD proteins expressed in the prokaryotic ex-pression system showed better sensitivity and specificity in the detection of antibodies against MERS-CoV in human serum samples. Conclusion This study reported the prokaryotic expression and purification of RBD protein of MERS-CoV for the first time, which might pave the way for further investigation on immunological detection of MERS-CoV and development of vaccines against MERS-CoV infection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Budesonide combined with Poractant Alfa(pulmonary surfactants,PS) on preventing the bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.Methods One hundred and twenty preterm infants 6 hours after birth(gestational ages≤32 weeks and birth weights ≤1500 g)admitted to the Department of Newborn Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southeast Medical University from October 2013 to February 2015 were randomly divided into 4 group(30 cases in each group).Group A was a control group,group B was neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) group,group C was NRDS with PS group,and group D was NRDS with PS and Budesonide group.Thirty-two-week preterms without other diseases and without uptaking oxygen within 48 h were assigned as group A.Group B were treated by continuous uptaking oxygen with continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) (oxygen uptaken lasting more than 48 h and oxygen concentrations more than 40％).Group C were treated with 100 mg/kg PS within 48 h on the basis of group B.Group D were treated with 0.25 mg/kg Budesonide suspension for inhalation on the basis of group C.The pH value,partial pressure of oxygen [pa(O2)],partial pressure of carbon dioxide [pa(CO2)] in the blood gas analysis were all detected in all groups before treatment,1,6,12,24 and 48 hours after using drug,respectively.All groups were also observed for whether to use respirator assisted ventilation,the duration of high oxygen use,the total time of uptaking oxygen,the rate of using PS again,the rate of BPD,the total hospitalization days and the adverse effects.The adverse effects included high blood pressure,high blood sugar,necrotizing enterocolitis and the incidence of nosocomial infection.Results Compared with group B,the pH value at 1 and 6 hours after using drugs,the pa(O2) and pa(CO2) at 1,6 and 12 hours after using drugs were improved obviously in the group C,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.01).Compared with group B,the above indicators were improved more obvious in group D,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.01).Moreover,compared with the group B,the oxygen inhalation duration,the rate of having a respirator assisted ventilation and using PS again,and the incidence of BPD were obviously decreased in other groups,the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The incidence of BPD in group D was less than that of group C,and the differences were statistically significant (3.33％ vs 10.00％,x2=4.00,P=0.046).The total oxygen time and the rate of adverse effects of each group were similar.The differences were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Budesonide combined with Poractant Alfa can prevent BPD in preterm infants.Its effect is better than the simple use of Poractant Alfa,and the rate of adverse effects are not increased significantly.

Objective:To analyze the dental and mandibular asymmetry of adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion.Methods:The jaw bones of 30 adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion(case group)and 30 with normal-occlusion(control group)were scanned by CBCT.Linear and angular comparison was conducted between the two groups.Results:Dental midline deviation was ob-served in case group,mostly in mandibular arch (60%).The development of Class Ⅱ molar relationship correlated mainly to distally positioned mandibular molar on Class Ⅱ side.Conclusion:In the adults with Class Ⅱ subdvision malocclusion odontogenic asymme-try is the major factor,bony asymmetry is the miner.