Objective:To study the executive function(EF)characteristics in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)comorbid learning disabilities(LD).Methods:A total of 22 pure ADHD boys,22 ADHD + LD boys and 22 normal controls(by criteria of DSM-Ⅳ)were collected as our samples.The groups were matched by ages(less than 6 months)and ADHD subtypes.The research instruments included the Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test,trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The differences of VIQ weren't significant among the three groups;pure ADHD and ADHD+LD groups had lower PIQ than the control group;ADHD+LD boys had lower IQ than the controls.The performance in the EF tests:(1)Both pure ADHD and ADHD+LD groups performed worse in the aspects of time of number-letter part and shifting time,the repeat response of verbal fluency,and the differences were significant.But the differences between ADHD and ADHD+LD weren't significant.(2)ADHD+LD group also showed deficits in the aspects of time and errors of Stroops 2 and 4,time of Stroop 4,word interference time,the immediate memory and delayed recalling detail score of Rey complex figure test,time of number trail making,error steps(rule violation)of Tow of Hanoi,and the differences were significant.(3)Both ADHD+LD and pure ADHD groups made more errors in the naming color of the color-word card(Stroop part 4),and ADHD+LD boys performed worse than pure ADHD boys.Conclusion:The findings support the hypothesis that ADHD is related to EF deficit,whether or not comorbid LD.ADHD+LD showed significant difference in the aspects of inhibition,working memory,set shifting and fluency as compared with normal group,ADHD+LD boys perform more poorly than the pure ADHD boys.It's plausible that both ADHD and LD are associated with deficits of executive function.

Objective:To answer the question whether executive function(EF) deficits are specific to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or whether such deficits are also associated with disruptive behavior disorders(DBD),including oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) and conductive disorder(CD).Methods:A total of 19 pure ADHD boys,19 ADHD + DBD boys and 19 normal controls(criteria of DSM-Ⅳ) were collected as our samples.The groups were matched by age(less than 6 months).The research instruments included Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test, trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The differences of IQs weren't significant among three groups.(1) Both pure ADHD group and ADHD+DBD group performed worse(P0.05).(2) Pure ADHD group also showed deficits in the aspects of errors of Stroop 2,time and errors of Stroop 3, word interference time;immediate memory structure score of Rey complex figure test;time and errors of number-letter part and shifting time of trail making test;total time and steps of completing tower of Hanoi.The differences were significant(P

Chimonanthus plants are endemic in China, which was rich and widely distributed; And its roots, stems, leaves, buds, and fruit can be used as medicine. It is a traditional garden flower and folk medicine, which has a great prospect for development. In this paper, the constituents flavonoids and coumarins from the genus Chimonanthus plants and its pharmacological activities were systematically reviewed, and their research status and development prospects were prospected to provide reference for the further research and development of Chimonanthus plants.

Objective To investigate the influence and clinical significance of single and dual-chamber pacing on central aortic pressure (CAP) and augmentation index (AI) in non-smoking individuals. Methods Totally, 83 non-smokers with pacemaker-implanted were consecutively enrolled in this study, and they were divided into three groups:dual-chamber pacemaker group (DDD, n=35), single-chamber pacemaker group (VVI, n=33) and control group (n=15). Heart rate (HR), CAP, AI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in three groups of patients. Finally, DDD pacing mode was turned into VVI pacing mode in patients of DDD group and the indexes were measured again. All of the indexes were recorded and analyzed. Results There were no significant changes in baseline characteristics and laboratory data between three groups (P>0.05). Left atrial diameters were significantly higher in VVI group than those of control group (P<0.05). Values of CAP were significantly higher in DDD group than those of control group and VVI group (P<0.05). Values of AI, corrected AI (AIc) and brachial BP were significantly higher in DDD group than those of VVI group (P<0.05). Values of CAP and brachial BP were significantly lower in VVI group than those of control group (P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in AI and AIC between VVI group and control group (P>0.05). All of these indexes (CAP, AI and brachial BP) were significantly reduced after the pacing mode was changed (P<0.05). Conclusion In non-smokers, dual-chamber pacing mode can increase CAP and AI.

Objective:To explore whether methylphenidate(MPH) can improve the executive function(EF) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) children and the degree of the improvements.Method:We conducted an open study of 29 children(25 boys and 4 girls) who met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD.The variations of their EF before and after methylphenidate extended-release tablets [osmotic release oral system(OROS) methylphenidate] treatment were evaluated,and the differences of EF between 24 ADHD boys before and after treatment and 24 age-matched typically developing control boys were compared.The research instruments included Stroop color-word task,Rey complex figure test,digit span test,trail making test,tower of Hanoi and verbal fluency test.Results:The performances of errors in Stroop 1,time and errors of Stroops 2 and 4;the immediate memory and delay recalling of structure and detail score of RCFT;time of number-letter trail making,shifting time;total time and steps,rule violation of tower of Hanoi improved significantly after OROS methylphenidate treatment as compared with those before treatment.They were no significant differences between ante-and post-treatment. The initiation planning time of tower of Hanoi was significantly shorter after treatment as compared with that before treatment.Conclusion:This study suggests that methylphenidate can improve the executive function in the aspects of inhibition,visual working memory,set shifting and planning in ADHD children,and almost all aspects of EF can reach the normal level except the inhibition.

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC₅₀ values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

Objective: To investigate the serotype and drug resistance of 815 Salmonella isolates from Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into management of Salmonella infections. Methods: Salmonella isolates were collected from stool samples of foodborne diarrheal patients and food samples in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021, and serotyped. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the broth microdilution method. Results: A total of 10 groups and 39 serotypes were characterized in 815 Salmonella isolates. Among the 646 Salmonella isolates of human sources, 388 isolates were identified as serogroup B (60.06%), with S. typhimurium and its variants aspredominant serotypes (364 isolates, 56.35%), and among 169 foodborne isolates, 61 isolates were characterized as serogroup B (36.09%) with S. london as the predominant serotype (26 isolates, 15.38%). There were 597 antimicrobial resistant Salmonella isolates of human sources, with a drug resistance rate of 92.41%, and the percentage of ampicillin resistance was 81.58%. There were 140 foodborne antimicrobial resistant isolates, with a drug resistance rate of 82.84%, and the proportion of tetracycline resistance was 72.78%. However, Salmonella isolates from both humans and foods were sensitive to imipenem. In addition, there were 577 multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates, including 490 multidrug resistant isolates of human sources and 87 foodborne multidrug resistant isolates. Conclusions S. typhimurium and its variants and S. london were predominant serotypes of Salmonella isolates from 815 foodborne diarrheal patients and food samples in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021, and a high rate of multidrug resistance was detected.

The strain Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1 producing PHB was irradiated respectively by UV and Co60 to raise PHB production. The results indicated that the effect of UV better than using Co60. One strain of the UV mutagenized called UV60-3 has the highest PHB production yield, showing final PHB concentra- tion of 28.56 g/L, 1.45 times higher than that of original strain. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the polymers obtained from the strain DX1-1 have the same IR spectra of standard PHB. Further research about the best appropriate C/N ratio of the mutant was done. The optimum ratio of C/N was about 3.76, the final PHB concentration reaches to 30.57 g/L.

BACKGROUND:The umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells possess multipotent differentiation capacity, but less research focus on its differentiation into fibroblasts.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into fibroblasts.
METHODS:Using adherent method, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, and flow cytometric analysis of the surface antigen was performed. Passage 3 cells were selected for osteogenic and
adipogenic differentiation, and cells differentiated into fibroblasts under the induction of basic fibroblast growth factor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adherent stem cells were stably isolated from the umbilical cord. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells lowly expressed CD31, CD45, CD40, HLA-DR, but strongly expressed CD29, CD90, CD44, CD105. Oil red O staining showed red droplets were ful of the cytoplasm after adipogenic induction;alizarin red staining showed red calcium nodules after osteogenic induction. After induced by basic fibroblast growth factor, the type I col agen expression was significantly higher than that in the control group. These findings indicate that the adherent human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are reliably isolated with high purity;basic fibroblast growth factor can induce differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into fibroblasts.

Objective:To analyze the dental and mandibular asymmetry of adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion.Methods:The jaw bones of 30 adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion(case group)and 30 with normal-occlusion(control group)were scanned by CBCT.Linear and angular comparison was conducted between the two groups.Results:Dental midline deviation was ob-served in case group,mostly in mandibular arch (60%).The development of Class Ⅱ molar relationship correlated mainly to distally positioned mandibular molar on Class Ⅱ side.Conclusion:In the adults with Class Ⅱ subdvision malocclusion odontogenic asymme-try is the major factor,bony asymmetry is the miner.