Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder severely affecting the aged population. Its pathological hallmarks include amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of synapes and neurons as well as brain inflammation. This review focuses on multiple roles of p38MAPK, one of the members of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) family, in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. The review discusses the evidences of p38 activation in AD models, its connection with each pathological mark of AD and the interaction between p38 and significant pathophysiological process, such as inflammation, neuronal apoptosis and hyperphosphorylation of tau. Moreover, a discussion is also made to address the basis of p38 as the target for therapeutic intervention in AD. All in all, p38 is considered to be a new promising target for drugs to control the progression of AD.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Chondrosarcoma ; pathology ; Chordoma ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Polyamines ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis by studying endometriosis coexisting with variable genital tract anomalies and analysis the association between obstructive or nonobstructive anomalies with endometriosis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2010,a total of 67 cases of endometriosis coexisting with genital tract anomalies undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively.Results According to subtypes of concurrent genital tract anomalies,67 cases were divided into 19 cases in obstructive group and 48 cases in non-obstructive group.(1) Age and symptoms:the mean age were (22 ± 8) years in obstructive group and (32 ± 7) years in non-obstructive group,which reached statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (14/19) and amenorrhea (8/19) in obstructive group.However,in non-obstructive group,the major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (31％,15/48) and infertility (35％,17/48) and abortion (21％,10/48).(2) Degree and incidence of endometriosis:the moderate or severe endometriosis was 11/19 in obstructive group and 40％ (19/48) in non-obstructive group,which did not show statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of peritoneal endometriosis,ovarian endometriosis,adenomyosis did not show significant difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The rate of moderate or severe endometriosis coexisting with duplex uterus,uterus bicornis and uterus septus did not show significant difference in non-obstructive group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The severity of endometriosis showed no association with obstructive anomalies.The results implied that there might be other factors involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Objective To investigate clinical features and management of complicated or rare vulvovaginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation.Methods Medical documents of 6 cases with vulvovaginal anomalies treated in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively.According to embryological and anatomical characteristics,the classification system were established.Results This kind of vulvovngihal anomalies was very rare and not enrolled into current diagnosis and treatment system. All patients had a common clinical features:menstruation bleeding and urine from the same outflow tract;and two orifices on perineum were found by bimannal examination,one orifice located under clitoris,the other orifice Was anus.No vagihal vestibule and vulvar were observed between those two orifices.According to clinical features,those 6 cases were divided into 3 types:type Ⅰ Was persistence of distant urogenital sinus with clinical manifestation of simple labial fusion;type Ⅱ was low communication between vagina and urogenital sinus (infrasphincterie),presenting with distal vaginai atresia and urethrovagihal fistula;type Ⅲ was high communication (suprasphincteric) with distal vagihal atresia and more proximal urethrovavihal fistula.Type Ⅲ was frequently associated with severe rectum and anus anomaly,and other malformation as well.All patients were treated by surgical correction.Basically.the principle of operation wag to reconstruct perineal appearance,release the obstruction,and rear the defect and ultimately recovering the normal function.The alternative surgical methods should be considered individually.Conclusions The vulvovnginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation were complicated clinically.To establish classification system will be benefit for clinicians to make diagnosis and choose appropriate treatment. The individualized surgery should be performed on those patients to restore the structure and function,in the mean time,the factors associated with esthetics.sex and psychics should be considered.

Conjunctiva ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Reoperation ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; etiology ; Parents ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Turner Syndrome ; psychology

Adenoidectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery