OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy differences on delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) between acupuncture to restore consciousness combined with hyperbaric oxygen treatment and simple hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

METHODSForty-one patients with DEACMP were randomly divided into an observation group (21 cases) and a control group (20 cases). In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3), and hyperbaric oxygen treatment was given as well. In the control group, simple hyperbaric oxygen treatment was used. The treatment was adopted once every day, and continuous 5 days' treatment made one session in the two groups. There were two days at the interval between two sessions and 6 sessions in the two groups. The changes of scores of mini mental state examination (MMSE) and Barthel index (BI) for activity of daily life and routine electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after treatment were compared.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the scores of MMSE and BI and EEG were all improved compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). The raise of the scores of MMSE and BI in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (both P<0.05) and the improvement of EEG abnormal condition in the observation group was also superior to that in the control group after treatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture to restore consciousness combined with hyperbaric oxygen could obviously improve the cognitive function, activity of daily life and changes of EEG, and it is better than simple hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Diseases ; etiology ; psychology ; therapy ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; complications ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To research the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) on the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in the ventral horn of rats' spinal cords and in the injured region after spinal cord injury (SCI),and to explore the effects of TES on neuron reconstruction and functional recovery and their mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were selected and divided using stochastic methods into a model group and a TES group.Using Allen's method,a complete SCI model was created at T9.Rats of the TES group were given TES treatment.Basso-Beattie-Brasnahan ( BBB ) ratings were used to evaluate locomotor function.Both groups were sampled at 1,3,5 and 7 days after the operation.Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of NT-3 and TNF-α in the rats' spinal cords at the different time points. Results The post-operative BBB ratings of both groups showed an increasing trend.In the TES group the improvement was significantly better at 5 and 7 days than in the model group.The expression of NT-3 immuno-positive cells increased in both groups,peaking at 5 days post-operation,then declining at day 7.The expression of NT-3 positive cells at days 5 and 7 had increased significantly more in the TES group than in the model group.TNF-α immuno-positive expression increased with time in both groups,but in the TES group the expression increased substantially less than in the model group.At days 5 and 7 post-operation,the expression was significantly lower than in the model group. Conclusions TES can promote NT-3 expression in rats with SCI,inhibit the increase in TNF-α expression,and aid repair and reconstruction of neurons and related functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the response of astrocytes and neurons in the medullary visceral zone (MVZ) to neuropathic pain induced by the spared nerve injury (SNI, the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve were sectioned, while the sural nerve was intacted). Methods The SNI operation and sham operation (only incised the skin of thigh, but the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve did not cut) were performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured at 10,20,30 days after operation. By using single or double immunofluorescent staining method,we investigated and measured that the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker of astrocytes) signal in the astrocytes, the mean member of Fos/ GFAP double labeled astrocytes and Fos / tyrosine hydorxylase (TH) double labeled neurons in MVZ after operation. Results As compared with control or sham groups, SNI induced that the PWMT became significant sensitivity and peaked at 20 days after SNI. The activated astrocytes revealed an activated morphology, the MFI of anti-GFAP signal markedly strengthened, the mean number of Fos/GFAP double labeled astrocytes and Fos/TH double labeled neurons in the nucleus of the tract solitarius (NTS) and the ventral lateral medulla (VLM) increased significantly and peaked at 20 days after SNI. Conclusion The neurons and astrocytes in MVZ were sensitively activated by SNI.

Following an analysis of the problems and challenges of hospitals regulation in China and a comparative study of situations at home and abroad,this paper presented six policy proposals for the reform of public hospitals regulatory system in China.The policy suggestions included definite regulatory objectives,defined relationship between public hospitals and government,strengthening both economic regulation and social regulation, establishing multivariate regulatory system, introducing flexible regulatory methods and full utilization of the third-party impact,which met the requirements of public hospital in healthcare reform in China and propelled the reform forward.

Objective To investigate the effects of tegaserod on visceral sensitivity and explore the regulating mechanism.Methods Forty-two male Spragre-Dawley rats,which were induced colonic inflammation by intraluminal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS),were randomly divided into eight groups.In the three colorectal distention(CRD) treated groups(n=6),abdominal contractions were recorded after 3,7 and 14 days of intra-gastric administration of tegaserod 2mg/kg d.In the three CRD control groups(n=4),abdominal contractions were recorded after 3,7 and 14 days of intra-gastric injection of saline 2.0mL/d.In immunohistochemistry(IH) treated group(n=6) and IH control group(n=6),samples of colon were removed and processed for SP and CGRP immunohistochemistry after 7 days of intra-gastric administration of tegaserod and saline,respectively.Results Abdominal contractions induced by colonic distention decreased significantly at 1.2mL and 1.6mL distention volume after 3 days of tegaserod administration(P

Objective To find out the satisfaction changes among young medical workers and explore the influence of the healthcare reform on such people.Methods A survey was conducted by means of random sampling among 716 medical workers under 45 years old from 6 hospitals,and combined with the survey data in 2009,young medical workers′satisfaction changes and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results Young medical workers′satisfaction is generally low,with declining satisfaction of social respect as well;satisfaction of medical workers in community medical institutions and secondary medical institutions was found declining dramatically.Conclusions Healthcare reform should pay more attention to these young people in terms of their own satisfaction,especially for those working at primary healthcare institutions.

To establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine the concentrations of liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, amygdalin, amygdalin prunasin, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine of Maxing Shigan decoction in rat plasma, and study the differences on their pharmacokinetic process in normal rats and RSV pneumonia model rats. After normal rats and RSV pneumonia model rats were orally administered with Maxing Shigan decoction, the blood was collected from retinal vein plexus of different time points. Specifically, tetrahydropalmatine was taken as internal standard for determining ephedrine, while chloramphenicol was taken as internal standard for determining other components. After plasma samples were pre-treated as the above, the supernatant was dried with nitrogen blowing concentrator and then redissolved with methylalcohol. The chromatography was eluted with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution in a gradient manner. ESI sources were adopted to scan ingredients in ephedra in a positive ion scanning mode and other ingredientsin a negative ion scanning mode. The multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed the plasma concentration of each active component. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each group were calculated by using Win-Nonlin 4.1 software and put into the statistical analysis. The result showed the plasma concentration of the eight active ingredients, i.e., liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, amygdalin, amygdalin prunasin, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine within the ranges of 1.04-1040, 1.04-1040, 0.89-445, 1.05-4200, 1.25-2490, 0.3-480, 0.3-480, 0.3-480 microg x L(-1), with a good linearity and satisfactory precision, recovery and stability in the above ingredients. After modeling, except for glycyrrhetinic acid whose pharmacokinetic parameters were lacked due to the data missing, all of the rest components showed significant higher Cmax, AUC(0-1) and lower clearance rate (CL) than that of the normal group, indicating the increase in absorption in rats in the pathological state by reducing the clearance rate. The method is accurate and sensitive and so can be used to determine the plasma concentrations of the eight active ingredients in Maxing Shigan decoction. RSV pneumonia-infected rats absorbed more ingredients in Maxing Shigan decoction.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of the cardiac hemodynamics after acute high altitude exposure in healthy young males and the relationship with acute mountain sickness(AMS).

METHODSLeft ventricular function and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) were measured in 218 healthy young males before and after high altitude exposure within 24 h respectively. According to the lake louise score criteria, the subjects were divided into two groups: acute mountain sickness group (AMS group) and non acute mountain sickness group (non-AMS group).

RESULTSHR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI) cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) were significantly increased upon acute high altitude exposure (P < 0.05). Whereas SaO2 and end-systolic volume (ESV) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and MAP in AMS group were significantly higher than those in non-AMS group (P < 0.05). But stroke index (SI) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) in AMS group were significantly lower than those in non-AMS group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCardiac function in healthy young males upon acute high altitude exposure was enhanced. EDV, HR and SI might become the indexes of predicting the acute mountain sickness in the future.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

Objective To analyze the clinical performance of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA)in determination of trepo‐nema pallidum antibody(TP antibody) .Methods The results detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)were regar‐ded as relative standards ,and results detected by treponema pallidum particle assay (TPPA) were regarded as recognition criteria . 2 223 serum samples of outpatients and inpatients were collected ,and TP antibodies were detected by CLIA and ELISA method re‐spectively ,and followed by confirmation of TPPA test .Results Among 2 223 serum samples ,53 samples were TP antibody positive detected by ELISA and 60 samples were TP antibody positive detected by CLIA ,and the positive incidence of TP antibody detected by the ELISA and CLIA method was 2 .34% and 2 .65% respectively .The positive predictive value ,sensitivity and specificity of the CLIA method was 98 .33% ,100 .00% and 99 .95% ,repectively .Conclusion The CLIA method could be considered adequate for screening of TP antibody in a large volume of samples ,with characteristics of automatic ,quantitative and short turn around time .

Purpose To study the status of EGFR mutations and the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 ( ER-CC1) and Ki-67 protein in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to examine the relationship between their expression and clinicopathologic features. Methods EGFR mutations were analyzed with DNA sequencing, and the expression of ERCC1 and Ki-67 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry EnVision. The relationship of EGFR mutations with the expression of ERCC1and Ki-67 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results EGFR mutations were detected in 143 (143/291, 49. 1%) of the 291 specimens. EGFR mutations were found more frequently in women, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma. The difference of EGFR muta-tion rate between the histological subtypes according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma was significantly ( P=0. 008). The mean tumor diameter was smaller in patients with EGFR mutations than in those with wild-type EGFR (P=0. 020). EGFR mutations were not related to age, lymph node metastasis. However, EGFR mutations were not related to the expression of ER-CC1 and Ki-67 protein (P>0. 050). Conclusions EGFR mutation is closely linked to several clinicopathological factors, such as gender, differentiation, and histological subtype. There is heterogeneity of EGFR mutation in patients with NSCLC. EGFR mutations were not related to the expression of ERCC1 and Ki-67 protein.