Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Great progresses have been made toward understanding the pathogenesis over the past decades. It seems that both genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to PD, while the precise pathogenesis still remains unknown. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that autophagy dysregulation is closely related to PD. Dysregulation of the autophagic pathways has been observed in the brains of PD patients or in animal models of PD, and a number of PD-associated proteins, such as a-synuclein, Parkin and PINK1, were found to involve in autophagy, suggesting a link between autophagy and pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we summarized the role of PD-associated proteins in autophagy pathways. In addition, we described the efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds in PD models and discussed promising strategies for PD therapy.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Great progresses have been made toward understanding the pathogenesis over the past decades. It seems that both genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to PD, while the precise pathogenesis still remains unknown. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that autophagy dysregulation is closely related to PD. Dysregulation of the autophagic pathways has been observed in the brains of PD patients or in animal models of PD, and a number of PD-associated proteins, such as a-synuclein, Parkin and PINK1, were found to involve in autophagy, suggesting a link between autophagy and pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we summarized the role of PD-associated proteins in autophagy pathways. In addition, we described the efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds in PD models and discussed promising strategies for PD therapy.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein ; metabolism

A case of a patient with a unilateral maxillary defect and restricted mouth opening was presented. The two-stage hollow maxillofacial prosthesis can be used to restore the above defect, thus promoting mastication, speaking, swallowing, and sucking, as well as improving the patient's appearance. Satisfactory results were achieved.
Humans ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Maxillofacial Prosthesis ; Mouth ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective To develop an efficient and all-round management system of personnel information based on the standards of quality management in clinical laboratory.Methods ASP.NET and database technology were used to construct a web platform and develop the management modules of personnel information.Results The developed system consisted of 4 modules.The module of onestop management for personnel archives was realized,which could be viewed and self-maintained by individuals and auto-retrieved by the system.The module of job post for staff attendance record was realized by continuous,dynamic management and permanent retrievability of registered responsibilities.The module of training and examination could publish the information for staff to complete self-training within deadline and evaluated the training effects and competence by online tests,and granted appropriate authority to staff.The module of performance assessment could evaluate the performances of staff statically and dynamically by using objective indicators and review mechanism.After the application of the system,staff archives were updated in real time instead of once for year.The time for reviewing archives of staff reduced from fifteen minutes to one minute,the error incidents of staff reduced by 20％,workload for staff training and examination reduced by 60％,and the satisfaction degree of customers for staff increased from 93％ to 96.5％.Conclusion The developed management system could realize all-round standard management with high efficiency,so it should be more effective and cost-saving than traditional manners.The staffs would be willing to accept and cooperate with it.

Objective To research the establishment and application of real-time monitoring system of temperature-humidity in clinical laboratories.Methods The collection net for temperature-humidity data was set up using wireless temperature-humidity recorders and repeaters,and a management software which connected to LIS seamlessly was developed according to the management standard for temperature-humidity in clinical laboratories and the requirements for real-time monitoring.Results The real-time monitoring system sent the collected data of temperature-humidity as needed to repeaters by wireless signal and then transferred to host computer.As long as the data was out of the allowable range,the monitoring system could trigger alarm by sending message or E-mail to administrator who accessed the host through web browser to view the status of system,save attendance records,export data and generated reports.Conclusion The automatically monitoring for temperature-humidity of circumstances and instruments in the laboratories was achieved for 24-hours of every day by the developed system and met with the relevant requirements of real-time monitoring for temperature-humidity in clinical laboratories.

To study the stimulation effect to the growth of Bifidobac te rium sp. A04, 4 kinds of oligosaccharide, 8 kinds of Chinese traditional medi cine and 4 kinds of food raw materials were used. The results indicates that so ya bean oligosaccharide is the most effective (P

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to discuss their biological and clinical significance.

METHODSPD-1/PD-L1 expression on the surface of T-lymphocytes and the counts of T-lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood in 82 patients with OSCC (OSCC group) and 25 healthy controls (control group) were examined via flow cytometry. The expression levels of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the serum were observed through enzyme-link immunology method. The data were tested and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSThe percentage of CD8+ T cells in the OSCC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The positive rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in OSCC peripheral blood were remarkably higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Difference was not observed between the expression levels of sPD-1 in the serum of OSCC group and those in the control group (P>0.05), but the average of sPD-L1 was remarkably higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). sPD-L1 expression was related to clinical stage, tumor cell differentiation, and lymph node status (P<0.05) but not related to sex, age, tumor location, and tumor size.

CONCLUSIONT-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with OSCC developed immunosuppression with different degrees. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression levels on the surface of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells significantly increased. Abnormal increase in sPD-L1 expression may be associated with OSCC development.

B7-H1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Objective To detect the incidence of inherited metabolic diseases(IMD)and disorders of metabo-lism in 4 710 high - risk infants,as well as providing basis of clinical diagnosis and treatment by using urease pretreat-ment - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry(UP - GC - MS). Methods Samples were collected from high - risk infants with IMD,after removing urea,putting in internal standard,removing protein,vacuum drying and bis (trimethyl - silyl)trifluoroacetamide / trimethyl - chlorosilane derivativing,UP - GC - MS was used to analyze compo-sitions such as organic acids,amino acids,carbohydrates,pyridoxines,purines and pyrimidines,then metabolic analysis was proceeded to refer to the normal detection value of the healthy children,finally a metabolic diagnosis was made ba-sing on the clinical data such as the high - risk clinical manifestations and general biochemical tests and other special examinations. Results In the 4 710 cases,there were 98 cases of IMD(2. 1% ),326 cases of suspected IMD(6. 9% ), 2 610 cases of metabolic disorders(55. 4% ). There were 98 cases of IMD,including 57 cases of methylmalonic aciduria,12 cases of propionic acidemia,7 cases of glutaric aciduria,5 cases of hyperphenylalaninemia,maple syrup u-rine disease and multiple carboxylase defects each,4 cases of isovaleric acidemia and 3 cases of 4 - hydroxy butyric acid urine disease. Conclusions UP - GC - MS is a effective way to diagnose IMD and metabolic disorders of infants. Common IMD in Guangdong Province include methylmalonic aciduria,propionic academia,glutaric aciduria,hyperphe-nylalaninemia,maple syrup urine disease and multiple carboxylase defects. The results of the tests can provide effective guidance for diagnosis and treatment of suspected infants.

The changes of bioactive constituents were analyzed for Puhuang-Wulingzhi before and after compatibility and the antiplatelet and antithrombin activitives were evaluated in order to elucidate the scientific and reasonable of Puhuang-Wulingzhi compatibility. UPLC-QTOF-MA-Markerlynx, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis were used for data analysis and tracking changes of chemical composition during the decocting process. In vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin time(TT) and prothrombin time (PT) were investigated for Puhuang-Wulingzhi before and after compatibility. The results showed that significant differences were found between the mixed decoction and codecoction of Wulingzhi and Puhuang. Five compounds changed obviously were identified as typhaneoside, naringenin, isorhamnetin-3-O-ruinoside, quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside. The codecoction, comparing with the single decoction, was more significant in antiplatelet aggregation and could prolong thrombin time. In the same crude drug dose, the thrombin time (TT) elongation were greater. These data could provide references for elucidation of bioactive components for this herb pair.
Animals ; Antithrombins ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Thrombin Time

ObjectiveTo assess the satisfaction of general practical students' perception with the two modes of histologic laboratory instruction,and obtain the advantages and disadvantages of each mode.MethodsWeb-based database was established and in the questionnaires were delivered to the general practical students ( n=193 ).Results75％ of students agreed that the case study component of the webbased laboratory instruction was arranged in order.82％ of students identified with the detailed word explanation attached to every image presented.ConclusionStudents support the progression of web-based histologic laboratory instruction,but it is difficult to replace traditional microscope with web-based database in histologic laboratory instruction.