Objective To isolate and identify embryonic stem (ES) cells of rhesus monkey from mature blastocysts cultured in vitro . Methods Rhesus monkey blastocysts were obtained after in vitro maturation of oocytes, fertilization and maturation of early embryos. After the blastocysts were hatched naturally from the zone pellucida, the inner cell mass (ICM) was dislodged from blastocysts using the sealed end of a finely drawn Pasteur pipette and co cultured with the feeder cells. The ICM, resembling embryonic stem cell colony, was isolated, cultured, and identified. Results A total of 92 normal GV oocytes were obtained from 4 FSH prime rhesus monkeys. Six blastocysts with high quality were selected from 22 oocytes after culture in HECM 10 medium. One of the rhesus monkey ES cell lines, i.e. RS5 cell line, was finally isolated from 3 of the inner cell mass isolated from the 6 blastocysts. The RS5 cells presented a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, prominent nucleoli, and flatter colonies with individual and distinct cells. After successive passages for 5 months passage, the RS5 cells remained a normal karyotype, i.e. 42 of chromosomes and alkaline phosphatase (AP) positive, which meant the RS5 ES cell colony remained undifferentiated. After high density culture for a longer time, the ES cell could differentiate into multi types of cells. Conclusion The RS5 cell line has the ability to self renew and potential to differentiate. Thus, RS5 cell line belongs to embryonic stem cells.

Objective To study the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac myocytes and receptor pathways involved in ROS production. Methods DCFHDA fluorescent probe was used for the assessment of NE induced intracellular ROS production in cultured cardiac myocytes of the neonatal rats. Myocytes were exposed to NE, NE + prazosin, NE + propranolol, and NE + prazosin + propranolol at different time and doses. The changes of fluorescence intensity in cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results NE increased myocyte ROS production in time and dose dependent manners. NE induced ROS production was partially inhibited by prazosin or propranolol, and completely inhibited by prazosin and propranolol together in myocytes. Conclusion NE can induce intracellular ROS production in cultured cardiac myocytes of the neonatal rats in time and dose dependent manners through the mediation of both ? and ? adrenoceptors.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound yolk emulsion and to establish its quality control method.METHODS:Compound yolk emulsion was prepared by emulsification.Cod liver oil and Nystalin in compound yolk emulsion were identified by color reaction and TLC,respectively.The content of VitB2 was determined by visible spectrophotometric method.The stability of 3 batches of samples was investigated as well.RESULTS:The linear range of VitB2 were 0.0 119～ 0.0 238 mg/ml(r=0.9 958).The average recovery of VitB2 was 97.95%(RSD=3.45%).3 batches of sample preparations were tested to be stable in quality at 4℃ ～ 8℃.CONCLUSION:This method is simple in operation,accurate in content determination,and stable and controllable in quality within expiration date.

Objective To evaluate the current situation and problems of the application of modified Rankin scale (mRS) in the outcome assessment in Chinese stroke trials. Methods Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled tri?als on stroke therapy published before September 2013 in 3 Chinese databases were included. All clinical trials applied mRS as the method of outcome assessment. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and transient cerebral ischemia were excluded. Types of stroke, statistical methods used for data analysis, duration of follow up, blinding of outcome assessment, types of intervention and the significance of the results were evaluated. Results Two hundred and ninety-eight trials were includ?ed in this analysis. 71.14%was for ischemic stroke, 21.48%for hemorrhagic stroke, 7.38%for both ischemic and hemor?rhagic stroke and 91.28%was for acute stroke(onset time<14d). Regarding to statistical methods used for data analysis, 50.00%of the trials used t-test or variance analysis which treated the mRS score as continuous data, while 22.15%used rank sum test or Chi-square test which regarded the mRS score as ranked data or multiply variable data. Dichotomous data was applied in statistical analysis accounts for 25.50%of trials. 12.42%trials applied mRS with other scales as the methods of outcome assessment. Duration of follow up ranged from 10d to 2 years (median 90 d, interquartile range 30-90 d). Only 5.03%assessed outcome blindly. 60.07%of the trials were drug therapy, 7.72%was rehabilitation thera?py, 10.40%were surgical treatment, 14.43%were combined therapy, 2.35%were management mode, 0.67%were nurs?ing, and 4.36%other therapy. Results in 86.91%of the trials were favorable to the tested interventions. Conclusions In aspects of, there is large difference between domestic and foreign clinical stroke trials in methodology of mRS including duration of follow up, blinding of outcome assessment and statistical methods used for data analysis.

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of mitochondrial DNA12SrRNA A1555G mutation in Chinese populations with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss by the literature review and find the main actual deficiencies in course of epidemiological study.Methods From Cbmdisc and PUBMED database pulled out were all published epidemiological literatures about Chinese mtDNA12SrRNA A1555G mutation from 1996 to 2008.Reviewed were the primary data of these studies including the number of samples,demographic characteristics of the samples,mutation frequencies,interrelations between the mutation and aminoglycoside exposure and so on.Results 21 papers out of 25 were induded in this study.The patients had non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from 14 regions of China.A total of 3 473 were found including 230 patients with A1555G mutation and the average mutation frequency was 6.62%.The samples in each regions ranged from 72 to 802 and the reported mutation frequencies were from 0.67%-14.6%.The statistical discrepancy was significant among mutation frequencies in different regions by χ~2 test(P=0.0000).The number of patients with aminoglycoside antibiotics exposure was 739 including 100 with A1555G mutation in all literatures.The proportions in different regions were from 2.70% to 33.33% with the average of 13.53%.The average proportion was significantly higher than the mutation frequency in patients with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusion Some deficiencies in epidemiological research Omutation in China included age,ethnic,and geographic bias,insufficiency of samples,inadequate randomization and so on.Researchers should focus with more efforts on the epidemiological characteristics of A1555G mutation in Chinese people.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the occurrence and associated factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in rescuers and firefighters.

METHODSThe PTSD of 264 rescuers and firefighters who had participated in rescue was evaluated using the self-designed fireman general situation questionnaire and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The factors associated with the occurrence of PTSD were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of PTSD in the subjects was 8.3%. The PTSD rate of special service corps (12%) was significantly higher than that of other subjects (P<0.05). The incidence of PTSD was highest in the rescuers and firefighters above the third rank, but without significant differences (P>0.05). The PTSD rate of married rescuers and firefighters was significantly higher than that of unmarried subjects (P<0.05). The PTSD rate of subjects addicted to drinking was significantly higher than that of non-drinking subjects (P<0.05). Subjects with more frequent attendance were more susceptible to PTSD compared with those with less attendance.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of PTSD is high in rescuers and firefighters who have attended rescues. It is necessary to implement both short-term and long-term counseling programs for stress management and intervention in order to reduce the psychological trauma after rescue and improve the mental health of rescuers and firefighters.

Firefighters ; psychology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the methods and outcomes of a minimally posteromedial transverse incision in the hip knee flexion for the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture at the insertion of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

METHODSTwenty-one patients with tibial avulsion fracture at the insertion of PCL treated with a minimally posteromedial transverse incision in the hip knee flexion by cannulated screw fixation from March 2010 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 8 females with an average age of 35.1 years old (ranged, 20 to 56 years). Eleven cases caused by traffic accident, 3 caused by falling, 4 caused by sport, 3 caused by heavy pounds. The injury duration ranged from 3 hours to 9 days with a mean of 3.5 days. The results of posterior drawer test were positive in all patients. Lysholm score was used to evaluated knee joint function.

RESULTSAll operations were successful without infection, vessel and nerve injuries and all incisions healed by first intention with the mean length of 5.8 cm (ranged, 5 to 6 cm). All patients were followed up from 7 to 23 months with an average of 12.7 months. The results of posterior drawer test were negative in all patients. X-ray films showed that all fractures healed. The Lysholm score was improved from preoperative 40.76±9.55 to 95.86±2.33 final follow-up (t=30.07, P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONTreatment of tibial avulsion fracture at the insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament through a minimally posteromedial transverse incision in the hip knee flexion with cannulated screw fixation is a better surgical procedure with the advantages of minimal incision, sufficient exposure, effective fixation, small scar and satisfactory effects.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Benzene ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Leukemia ; chemically induced ; genetics

Recently, drug delivery materials have become the hotspot of medical study. Suitable delivery material plays an important role in constructing an excellent drug delivery system. Silk fibroin is a naturally occurring protein polymer with excellent biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties, biodegradability and outstanding processability. Due to its unique properties, silk fibroin has become a favorable carrier material for the incorporation and delivery of a range of therapeutic agents. Based on the structure and characteristics of silk fibroin, this article provides an overview of the recent research progress of silk fibroin used as drug delivery materials.
Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fibroins ; chemistry