Background Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) is a novel adipokine which has been related with insulin resistance.Objective To test the hypothesis that telmisartan improves glucose and lipid metabolism may be associated with inhibiting serum RBP4 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in liver.Methods Thirty wistar male rats were received high fat diet to establish metabolic syndrome model and randomly to receive telmisartan [5 mg/(kg?d),n=8] or pioglitazone [20 mg/(kg?d),n=8] for 8 weeks or high-fat diet placebo(n=10).Plasma triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting plasma insulin,serum RBP4,and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase specific enzyme activity in liver(PEPCK) were determined.Results Telmisartan improved insulin resistance and the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced insulin resistance rats [HOMA-IR,telmisartan group(3.4?1.2) vs high-fat diet group:(8.3?1.1),P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and risk factors of nosocomial infections in geriatric department and to lay down the intervention strategy.METHODS Prospective monitoring and retrospective investigation were carried out to analyze 218 cases of nosocomial infection in geriatric department.RESULTS The lower respiratory tract infection was the main one in geriatric department(69.4%),which was followed by urinary tract infection(22.5%).The risk factors included old ages,prolonged hospitalization,using broad spectrum antibiotics widely,severe underlying illness,invasive operating manipulation and so on.CONCLUSIONS General intervention strategy should be adopted to control the nosocomial infections in geriatric department in order to cut down the infection rate and increase the rate of curing.

Objective Multiple organ failure (MOF) has been regarded as a continuous, uncontrolled inflammatory response. Intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) may be involved in MOF. Substance P (SP), one of gut peptides, is an important regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune network. However, the effects of SP on IMMC, especially in the case of MOF, remain unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of SP on IMMC in the development of MOF. Methods The rat model of MOF was established by injecting zymosan. After thirty minutes of the injection, SP was given through tail veins at the dose of 20 nmol/kg weight and 0.2 nmol/kg weight. The concentrations of histamine and tumor necrosis facfor-?(TNF-?) in plasma and intestine tissues were measured. The pathological alterations of essential organs including intestine, liver, kidney and lung were examined under light microscope. Their corresponding functions were reflected with ALT, Cr and PO 2. The ultrastructure of the IMMC was also observed under a transmission electronic microscope. Results Compared with the controlled rats, those injected with SP showed much more serious inflammatory response under light microscope. Both ALT and Cr increased by about 50%, but PO 2 decreased by about 40%. Histamine level in the intestinal tissue of the rats treated with SP remarkably decreased, whereas the plasma histamine level did not show any significant changes. The level of TNF-? was higher in the intestinal tissue of the rats treated with SP but no change in plasma, and the degranulation of IMMC under transmission electronic microscope was more obvious.Conclusions SP may trigger MOF through acting on IMMC which may release inflammatory mediators such as histamine and TNF-?.

Objective To investigate the effect of somatostatin(SST) on the activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells(IMMC) and its pathological significance in the development of multiple organ failure(MOF). Methods The rat model of MOF was established by the peritoneal injection of zymosan. Thirty minutes after the injection of zymosan, SST at 2.300 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 or 0.023 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 was injected respectively through tail veins. The concentration of histamine and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in plasma and intestinal tissue were measured. The pathological alterations of essential organ including intestine, liver, kidney, lung and heart were studied under light microscope. Their corresponding functions were reflected with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cretinine (Cr) and oxygen pressure (PO 2). In addition, the ultra structure of the IMMC was observed under a transmission electronic microscope. Results Compared with the controlled rats, the rats injected with SST (2.300 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 ) showed less serious inflammatory response under light microscope. ALT and Cr were decreased 53% and 60% respectively. However, the lung ventilation was improved and PO 2 was increased by 50%. The histamine level in the intestinal tissue from rats treated with SST remarkably increased( ( 8.60? 0.50 ) ng/g protein to ( 14.50? 1.08 ) ng/g protein), whilst the plasma histamine level did not show any significant changes. Exogeneous SST also resulted in lower level of TNF-? in intestine but no changes in plasma. Furthermore, degranulation of IMMC from the rats treated with SST was less obvious. Conclusion SST may prevent from or arrest the development of MOF through suppression of the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and TNF-?.

Objective To analyze the clinical value and safety of capsule endoscopy in the digestive tract diseases.Methods 55 cases of inpatients or outpatients were given the capsule endoscopy examination.The positive detection rate and safety were observed.Results The positive detection rate was 87.3％,the diagnostic rate was 50.9％.Capsule retention in the body happened in 2 cases (1 case of small intestine space-occupying lesions,decided to take the operation,another 1 case got Crohn's disease,intestinal incomplete obstruction),the occurrence rate was 1.5％.Conclusion The capsule endoscopy make up some shortcomings of the traditional gastrointestinal endoscope,but also show some drawbacks,so improving performance of instrument of the capsule endoscopy,expanding the scope of application of capsule endoscopy will be the development direction of the capsule endoscopy in the future.

Objective:To investigate the effects of substance P(SP),somatostain(SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) on the activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells(IMMC) in vitro.Methods:IMMC isolated and purified from the whole intestines of normal rats were incubated with gut peptides at various concentrations.The histamine concentration in IMMC and their supernate were determined.Furthermore,the ultrastructure of the incubated IMMC was observed under a transmission electronic microscope.Results:①The spontaneous release rate of histamine was (22.86?3.22)%.②SP significantly increased the histamine release rate from IMMC(P0.05)④At the concentration from 1?10 -1 mol/L to 1?10 -8 mol/L,the higher concentration of VIP was used,the lower histamine release rate was observed(P

·Uveitis is an inflammation of any or all parts of the uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. Despite current advances in diagnosis and management, visual loss occurs in 35%-45% of patients with uveitis. The etiopathogenesis of uveitis remains unknown; it may be associated with environmental and immunogenetic factors. Many studies have demonstrated polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes may determine involvement in uveitis. Recently polymor-phisms in non-MHC genes, including cytokine and che-mokine genes, have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of uveitis. This article reviewed the advances in the studies on cytokine and chemokine gene polymorphisms associated with uveitis.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) with oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets on the treatment of migraine. Methods 100 patients with migraine were divided into two groups randomly. They received SGB with oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets (experimental group) or only SGB (control group) respectively. The parameters included pain intensity before and 1 d,3 d,1 w,1 m and 3 m after the treatment, and pain relief rate of each patient. The adverse effects were also evaluated. Results The pain intensity described as numeric rating score (NRS) decreased in the two groups at each time point. In the experimental group, the value of NRS was significantly less than that in the control group at 3d,1m and 3m after the treatment. The effec-tive rate ha the experimental group and the control group were 88% and 68%. Conclusion SGB with oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets is more effective for migraine and deserves widely used in patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors in aged patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) and to provide the corresponding clinical prevention strategies. METHODS The ages,underlying diseases,mechanical ventilation method,use of antibiotics,and pathogenic bacteria of the VAP patients were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS Totally 155 VAP of elderly patients had serious underlying diseases,and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics,tracheal intubation or trachea incision.Most pathogenic bacteria were mutiple-resistant. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of VAP was in priority for control of VAP patients.In order to control the occurrence and spread of VAP,clinicians should cut the time of ventilator,pay more attention to sterilization and isolation,and strengthen the tend of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the differences between fresh and cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood as well as the stem cell homing.Methods Fresh or cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood cells were injected into lethally irradiated BALB/C nu+ mice.The mice survival rates,the successful transplantation evidence and the migration phenomenon were observed.Results The survival rates of the fresh group and the cryopreserved group were much higher than the control group,but there was no difference between the former two groups.Evidence of human hematopoiesis were observed by means of PCR or FACS.However,the pattern of migration was different berween fresh and cryopreserved cord blood stem cells. Conclusion Human cord blood contains high hematopoietic potential stem cells to cross xenogenetic barriers and successfully engraft in mice.Cryopreservation can keep the hematopoietic potential of cord blood,but may influence the adhesion molecular of the stem cells and thus influence their homing behavior.