Objective To explore the reasons of patients undergone long-term mechanical ventilation in combination with airway granuloma and the nursing countermeasures. Methods The information of 15 eases undergone long-term mechanical ventilation in combination with airway granuloma in department of geriatric and respiratory were summarized and analyzed. Results The occurrence of airway granuloma was strictly related to local stimulation, nutrient deficiency and incision model. Condnsions The basic nursing should be strengthened agaisnt the above reasons, thereby reducing and avieding the occurrence of airway granuloma. The nursing measures adopted when the airway granuloma occurs also should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo explore and sum up the characteristics of infection after cardiac transplantation and to discuss the prophylaxis and management.

METHODFrom May 2000 to April 2003, 36 patients received orthotopic heart transplantation, the clinical data were observed and analyzed.

RESULTSInfection occurred in 2 (6%) cases, both belonged to lung infection caused by human cytomegalovirus. The 2 cases were cured by ganciclovir intravenously.

CONCLUSIONGood prophylactic method may decrease post cardiac transplantation infection significantly. It is very important to early diagnose and treat infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVESTo review the clinic data of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cases, and to find the risk factors of recurrence in post transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) patients.

METHODSFrom November 2002 to November 2007, 1471 cases were reviewed, including 41 patients of recurrence after TURP. Record the data include onset age, course of disease, age of surgery, LUTS, PSA, blood serum creatinine, size of the prostate in transabdomen ultrasonography, data of urodynamic examination, weight of resected tissue, persistence time of the resection, length of stay, score of inflammation of the pathologic sample, experience of the operator, routine blood examination, routine urine examination and so on. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis for evaluation of the data.

RESULTSIn the univariate analysis, onset age (t = 2.292, P = 0.086), PVR (t = 2.181, P = 0.03), size of the prostate in transabdomen ultrasonography (t = -1.987, P = 0.047), experience of the operator (Z = 10.13, P = 0.0015) and the symptom that bladder does not feel completely empty right after urinating (chi(2) = 9.240, P = 0.002) had statistical significance. In the multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis, Odds ratio (OR) of the factors were investigated, the symptom that bladder does not feel completely empty right after urinating (OR = 0.557), the score for inflammation (OR = 0.905) and experience of the operator (OR = 0.393) had statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSThe risk factors for elevating the incidence of post-TURP recurrence are the lower score for inflammation, younger onset age, having the symptom that bladder does not feel completely empty right after urinating, bigger size of prostate in transabdomen ultrasonography, lower post void residual urine volume and poor experience of the operator.

Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological and clinical features of Chinese rhesus monkeys after intravenous (IV) and intrarectal (IR) challenge with SIVmac239 in rhesus monkeys of Chinese origin, and compare the differences between the routes of infection.

METHODSRhesus monkeys of Chinese origin were inoculated with SIVmac239 either by IV (n = 19) or IR (n = 6) routes. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific antibody titer, CD4 + T cell counting, plasma SIV load, lymph node pathology, and clinical manifestations were compared between these two groups 232 or 168 days after challenging.

RESULTSAll SIVmac239-inoculated animals became seropositive for SIV-specific antibodies. SIV-specific IgM was detected in IV groups as from day 10 but was not detected in IR for all the time points. Although SIV-specific IgG was detected as from day 30 in both groups, the IgG titers were ten-fold higher in IV group than in IR group after day 168. CD4 + T-cell counting decreased progressively in IV group but remained stable in IR group over time. Plasma SIV RNA loads peaked in all animals between day 10 and day 14 (10(7) copies/ml), then declined to "setpoint" (10(3) - 10(6) copies/ml) about 2 months later. Most inoculated animals manifested lymphadenopathy. Two animals in IV group and one in IR group died of simian AIDS between day 150 and day 210, as evidenced by the autopsies showing the depletion of lymph tissues, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other opportunity infections. Conclusion IV or IR inoculation of SIVmac239 in Chinese rhesus monkeys will result in chronic SIV infection with a similar clinical feature of natural HIV infection, which provides an excellent experimental animal model for AIDS.

Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; China ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; virology ; Male ; Rectum ; virology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; immunology ; virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Veins ; virology

Objective:To accumulate the clinical experience of one-stage revascularization of concomitant carotid artery disease by stenting and coronary artery disease by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods:In the center, two patients with coronary disease and carotid artery disease,underwent same-day CABG and carotid artery stenting (CAS). The perioperative treatments,procedures of surgery and postoperative results were recorded.Results:The cardiac function of patients were improved.The carotid artery CTA after 6 months of operative indicated the unobstructed stenting,and nosyncope and amaurosis occured.Conclusions:One-stage CABG and CAS is a good choice for patients with coronary disease and carotid artery disease,but the hybrid theatre and good surgical technique were essential.

Objective To improve the accuracy of patient' s identification and normalize the checking details for preventing from the error intravenous ( i.v.) infusion.Methods Participants who were eligible for this study from Department of Orthopedics,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were assigned to control group and observational group by random number method.The control group included 1 410 patients which had 42 026 set intravenous infusion solutions and confirmed identity by the traditional procedure.The observation group included 41 102 set intravenous infusion solutions in 1 303 patients.In observational group,we confirmed patients' identity by speaking out their name and age and looking over the patient' s label on the infusion bottle by their family members along with the traditional procedure.The number of patients and i.v.solutions set regarding borderline errors of identification during venepuncture or replacing infusion bottle were investigated in two groups.Results 1 404 patients in control group were accurately confirmed identity and 6 patients had borderline errors.1 303 patients in observation group were accurately confirmed identity and 0 patients had borderline errors,the difference between the two groups showed statistical significance ( P =0.032).In control group,42 020 set were accurately confirmed identity and 6 set had borderline errors,however,in observation group 41 102 set were accurately confirmed identity and 0 set had borderline errors,the difference between the two groups showed statistical significance ( P =0.031 ).Conclusions Patients participate in double-identity confirmation can effectively prevent from error of i.v.solutions.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromn (SAIDS) and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys.

METHODSIndirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect plasma or serum autoantibodies in SIV-infected monkeys. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and lymph node of BALB/c mice, a strain of endothelial cell ECV304, and granulocytes were used as target antigens. These results were compared with HE stained slides of SIV-infected monkeys.

RESULTSThe levels of various autoantibodies, including anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, and anti-granulocyte antibodies, increased after SIV infection in monkeys. Moreover, pathological examinations showed injuries in the lymphoid tissue and vascular pathological changes in cerebral cortex, submucosa of gastrointestinal tract, interstitial capillaries of myocardium, nephron of the kidney, and sinusoid cell of liver.

CONCLUSIONThe increased autoantibodies and the pathological changes of tissues and organs confirm the existence of autoimmunity in SIV-infected monkeys.

Animals ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Autoimmunity ; Endothelial Cells ; immunology ; Granulocytes ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; immunology ; pathology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

OBJECTIVETo study whether dendritic cells (DCs) derived from the peripheral blood in chronic hepatitis B patients can induce specific T cell immune response.

METHODS(1)The subjects were divided into 3 groups: chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), acute hepatitis B group (AHB), and normal donor group (ND). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from those subjects were stimulated with HBcAg 18 to 27 CTL epitope peptide, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICCS) was used for detecting IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha produced by CD8+ T cell. (2) DCs generated from PBMCs were pulsed with HBcAg 18 to 27 CTL epitope peptide, then were cocultured with autologous lymphocytes for 10 days to induce antigen-specific T cell, which was assessed by ICCS and cytotoxic assay.

RESULTS(1) The memory effect of the PBMCs from AHB group to HBcAg 18 to 27 CTL epitope peptide was stronger than that from CHB or ND group (t=2.508-3.305, P<0.05). (2)After lymphocytes were cocultured with DC treated with HBcAg 18 to 27 CTL epitope peptide, antigen-specific T cell effect was induced. And the killing rates were (57.0+/-23.0)%, (49.5+/-20.2)%, (21.8+/-12.9)% at the effector/target of 30:1, 10:1, 3:1, which were higher than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe memory T cells against HBV antigen lacks in CHB patients. DCs from CHB patients pulsed with HBcAg 18 to 27 epitope peptide can induce HBV antigen-specific T cell, which can kill specific target cells and produce cytokines involved in virus clearance.

Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; virology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; Female ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between impaired non-viral specific immune function of dendritic cell (DC) and viral clearance and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to HBV or HCV in patients with HBV and HCV coinfection.

METHODSTwenty-five patients with HBV and HCV coinfection were investigated in this study. In 1994 and 2002, biochemical and virological markers and quantitative serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels were detected in these patients. According to the virus clearance status, these patients were divided into 4 groups: 14 patients with both HBV and HCV clearance (Group A), 6 patients with HCV clearance only (Group B), 3 patients with HBV clearance only (Group C), and 2 patients with persistent infection of HBV and HCV (Group D). Phenotypes and immune functions of monocyte-derived DCs were compared between these groups. 51Cr release assay were used to measure CTL response to epitopes derived from HBV, HCV or influenza virus (as positive control) in HLA-A2+ patients.

RESULTSImpaired non-viral specific immune functions of DCs were observed in group B, C and D compared with group A and normal donors (Group N). These impaired functions included CD86 decreasing expression and lower capacity to stimulating allogenic T cells and uptaking antigen. The specific CTL response to HBV- and HCV-derived peptides could be induced in group A (12/12). The specific CTL response to HBV-derived peptides or to HCV-derived peptides could be induced in group C (3/3) or B (5/5), respectively. But the specific CTL response to both of two HBV-derived peptides or two HCV-derived peptides could not be induced in group C (0/3) or B (0/5), respectively. And no CTL response to HBV or HCV-derived peptides could be induced in groups D (0/1) and N (0/4).

CONCLUSION1. The results suggest that specific CTL response to HBV or HCV play a vital role in the viral clearance. 2. The DCs with impaired non-viral specific immune functions exist in chronic patients with HBV and/or HCV infection, but do not interfere with clearance and CTL response to HBV or HCV. It is reasonable to speculate that impaired functions of DCs result from viral infection.

Adult ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Hepacivirus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo assess the immunotoxicologic effects of genetically modified drought resistant wheat T349 with GmDREB1 gene.

METHODSA total of 250 female BALB/c mice (6-8 week-old, weight 18-22 g) were divided into five large groups (50 mice for each large group) by body weight randomly. In each large group, the mice were divided into five groups (10 mice for each group) by body weight randomly, which were set as negative control group, common wheat group, parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, respectively. Mice in negative control and positive control group were fed with feedstuff AIN-93G, mice in common wheat group, non-genetically modified parental wheat group and genetically modified wheat group were fed with feedstuffs added corresponding wheat (proportion up to 76%) for 30 days, then body weight, organ coefficient of spleen and thymus, peripheral blood lymphocytes phenotyping, serum cytokine, serum immunoglobulin, antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC), serum 50% hemolytic value (HC50), mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and phagocytic activities of phagocytes were detected respectively.

RESULTSAfter 30 days raise, among negative control group, common wheat group, non-genetically modified parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, mice body weight were (21.0±0.3), (20.4±0.7), (21.1±1.0), (21.1±1.0), (19.4±1.0) g, respectively (F=7.47, P<0.01); organ coefficient of spleen were (0.407±0.047)%, (0.390±0.028)%, (0.402±0.042)%, (0.421±0.041)%, (0.304±0.048)%, respectively (F=12.41, P<0.01); organ coefficient of thymus were (0.234±0.032)%, (0.246±0.028)%, (0.249±0.040)%, (0.234±0.034)%, (0.185±0.039)%, respectively (F=5.58, P<0.01); the percentage of T cell in peripheral blood were (70.43±4.44)%, (68.33±5.37)%, (73.04±2.68)%, (74.42±2.86)%, (90.42±1.66)%, respectively (F=57.51, P<0.01); the percentage of B cell were (13.89±3.19)%, (15.34±4.84)%, (13.06±4.22)%, (12.93±2.36)%, (3.01±0.96)%, respectively (F=12.79, P<0.01); the percentage of Th cell were (55.87±3.80)%, (55.24±4.60)%, (57.92±3.70)%, (59.57±2.54)%, (77.37±2.31)%, respectively (F=68.58, P<0.01);the Th/Ts ratio were 4.16±0.29, 4.73±0.96, 4.19±0.78, 4.52±0.40, 6.34±0.73, respectively (F=17.57, P<0.01);the serum IgG were (1046.38±210.67), (1065.49±297.22), (1517.73±299.52), (1576.67±241.92), (1155.88±167.05) µg/ml, respectively (F=10.53, P<0.01); the serum IgM were (333.83±18.97), (327.73±27.72), (367.47±27.18), (363.42±46.14), (278.71±24.42) µg/ml, respectively (F=12.11, P<0.01); the serum IgA were (51.69±10.10), (42.40 ± 8.35), (32.11±4.22), (37.12±4.90), (41.45±8.89) µg/ml, respectively (F=8.25, P<0.01); the PFC were (29.2±14.6), (28.0±20.0), (34.8±30.9), (33.2±25.1), (4.8±5.3) per 10(6) splenocyte, respectively (F=3.33, P<0.05); the HC50 were 82.3±6.5, 79.7±4.6, 75.8±4.1, 74.9±3.6, 70.8±2.1, respectively (F=9.99, P<0.01);the LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation were 0.21±0.10, 0.21±0.14, 0.26±0.12, 0.25±0.14, 0.07±0.06, respectively (F=4.18, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe genetically modified drought-resistant wheat T349 was substantially equivalent to parental wheat in the effects on immune organs and immunologic functions of mice, and it didn't show immunotoxicity.

Animals ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Droughts ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; immunology ; toxicity ; Triticum ; genetics ; immunology ; toxicity