Objective To observe the effects of salmeterol/fluticasone on the bone metabolism and bone density of the patients with moderate COPD and whether the effects is relate with inhaled corticosteroid course. Methods Sixty pa-tients with COPD were divided into 2 groups by random digit table. Patients in experimental group (n=30) were given conven-tional therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone one inhale(bid) for continuously 12 months while patients in control group (N=30) were given conventional therapy without any glucocorticoid.The bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral triangle in all patients were measured by DXA before therapy, 3 months and 12 months after therapy. At the same time, biochemical indi-cators that are correlated with bone metabolism include bone gla protein (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were mea-sured by radioimmunoassay. Results The BMD, BGP and ALP of patients in experimental group and in control group be-fore therapy, 3 month and 12 month after therapy were compared. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between these two groups before therapy and after 3 month but significant difference was shown after 9 months (P<0.05). Conclusion Short period inhaling salmeterol/fluticasone in patients with COPD is safe. But long-term inhaling salmeterol/fluticason may lead to decline of the bone density in patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of catalpol on the activity and apoptosis of osteoclasts (OC) in the osteoblasts (OB)-OC co-culture system and its mechanism. METHODS:OB and OC were isolated respectively from the SD rats of 1-3 days and 5-7 days old to establish OB-OC co-culture system. After treated with 0(blank control),0.05,0.5,5,50 and 100 mg/L catal-pol for 48,72 and 96 h,the number of bone absorption lacuna for OC was observed by inverted microscope to reflect OC activity. After treated with 0(blank control)and 0.05 mg/L catalpol for 48,72 and 96 h,the activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)in OC was detected,and the apoptosis rate of OC was calculated. After treated with 0(blank control)and 0.05 mg/L ca-talpol,mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG)in OB was detected. RESULTS:In OB-OC co-culture system,the number of bone absorption lacuna in 0.05-50 mg/L catalpol groups was significantly lower than blank control group(P<0.01),indicating ca-talpol could inhibit OC activity,especially 0.05 mg/L catapol. Compared with blank control,0.05 mg/L catapol lowered the activity of TRACP but increased the apoptosis rate of OC(P<0.05);mRNA expression of OPG was up-regulated in OB(P<0.01). CON-CLUSIONS:In OB-OC co-culture system,catalpol can inhibit the activity of OC and induce the apoptosis of OC,and its mecha-nism may be associated with the mRNA expression up-regulation of OPG in OB.

Objective To improve the usage of foam dressing at the sacrococcygeal region and observe its application effect. Methods A total of 80 hospitalized patients with high risk of pressure ulcer were chosen during May to December 2015 as study objects. Patients were drawn into the observation group and the control group, each group contained 40 members. Proper-cutting foam dressings and normal foam dressing were applied in patients by the observation group and the control group individually. Researchers made records by comparing and analyzing the usage time of dressing and the skin intact of two groups. Results The observation group used foam dressing (1.88±0.12) blocks per person, foam dressing use time was (3.87±0.34) d per block, and in the control group, they were (2.60±0.38) blocks per person, (2.13±0.89) d per block, there was significant difference between two groups (t=11.427, 11.551, P<0.05). The skin integrity rate of the observation group and the control group were 95.0%(38/40) and 75.0%(30/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.275, P<0.05). Conclusions This study shows that the foam dressing need to be cut appropriately before pasting so that the clinical nurses can observe patient's skin conveniently. Once the skin has pressure red, the nurse can take timely measures to deal with it, which can decrease the incidence of pressure sores. The cutting dressing prolongs the period of using without removing the viscose part, which also can reduce the medical expenses.

Objective Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality that requires surgical repair, on an emergency basis. The extent of aortic arch repair that should be carried out during emergency surgery of this type is controversial. This study was conducted to report clinical experience on aortic arch repair and determine surgical indication, optimal operative procedures and strategy for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods 210 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk into the descending aorta between August 2005 and August 2010. Surgical procedures included hemi-aortic arch replacement in 92 patients, subtotal aortic arch replacement in 50 patients and total aortic arch replacement in 68 patients. All operations were performed with the aid of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Enhanced computed tomography scanning was performed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes, particularly the fate of the false lumen remaining in the descending thoracic aorta by aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk during follow up. Results Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was (146 ±52) min. The average cross clamp time was(93 ±25)min and average selective cerebral perfusion and circulatory arrest time was(35 ±14)min. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4. 8% (10/210) and morbidity was 8. 6% ( 18/210). Postoperative complications included acute renal failure, stroke, mediastinitis and respiratory insufficiency. During the follow-up period [mean (27 ± 18) months, ranged 2 to 60 months], 1 patient underwent reoperation due to the descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was no late death. Follow-up enhanced CT scanning showed about 74% false lumens obliterated at the level of the distal border of the stent graft post operation. Conclusion Open aortic arch replacement is an effective approach and provides acceptable outcomes for type A acute aortic dissection. Optimal treatment strategy is the key factor to success in emergency surgical intervention.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of intracaval venous tumors. Methods Clinical data of 6 cases were retrospectively analyzed, including signs and symptoms diagnostic means such as type-B ultrasound, CTA, MRA, surgical procedures and prognosis. Results All six cases received type-B ultrasonic examination, final definite diagnosis was achieved by CTA exam in 2 cases and through MRA in 4 cases. Heart involvement was found in 3 cases. All patients underwent a surgery. According to the extent of the tumor,3 cases had thoraco-abdominal incision,3 cases with extracorporeal circulation and right atrium opening. All of the tumors were completely resected. Pathological exam revealed that 4 cases were of leiomyomatosis and 2 cases were of leiomyosarcoma. One case with leiomyosarcoma died of liver disfunction postoperatively.The other 5 cases recovered without major complications. An average 51 months of follow-up found no recurrence. Conclusions CT and MRI are the mainstay for the diagnosis,and MRI can provide clear anatomy image to the surgeons, help choose the surgical procedures. The one-stage operation is effective. During the operation, the main branches of the vena cava system should be detected, and the attachment of the tumor should be found and removed thoroughly to prevent the recurrence of the tumor. When the attachment point is lower than the iliac vein level, ligation of the involved iliac vein should be mandatory.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Modified Dachengqi Decoction (MDD) as whole course therapy on mediators of inflammation in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model rats, and to compare interventional advantages over intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) of SAP rats between whole course therapy of MDD and early stage therapy of MDD.

METHODSTotally 190 SD rats were divided into five groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the octreotide (OT) group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the whole course MDD treatment group, 38 in each group. SAP models were established with retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct. Three hours after modeling normal saline (NS) was administered to rats in the sham-operation group and the model group by gastrogavage, once per 12 h.1.35 µg/100 g OT was subcutaneously injected to rats in the OT group, once every 8 h. 0.4 mL/100 g MDD was administered to rats in the early stage MDD treatment group, and 6 h later changed to NS (once per 12 h).0.4 mL/100 g MDD was administered to rats in the whole course MDD treatment group, once every 12 h. The accumulative survival rate and morphological manifestations of pancreas and small intestine were observed under microscope 48 h after modeling. Pathologic scores of the pancreas and small intestine were conducted at 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling. Contents of serum amylase (AMY), alanine transaminase (ALT), and TNF-α were also detected. The expression of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the small intestine tissue was also detected by Western blot. The positive rate of bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was observed within 48 h. Correlations between serum TNF-α or HMGB1 in small intestinal tissue and pathological scores of the pancreas or the small intestine were analyzed.

RESULTSThe accumulative survival rate was 100. 0% in the sham-operation group, 79. 2% in the whole course MDD treatment group, 70. 8% in the OT group, 45. 8% in the early stage MDD treatment group, and 37.5% in the model group. At 6 h after modeling, pathological scores decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 24 and 48 h after modeling, pathological scores of the pancreas and the small intestine decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P <0. 05). At 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling, serum contents of AMY and ALT both decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 48 h after modeling serum contents of AMY and ALT both decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P < 0.05). At 6 h after modeling serum TNF-α levels decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling the level of HMGB1 in the small intestinal tissue decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Of them, HMGB1 levels at 24 and 48 h were lower in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P < 0.05). The number of MLNs bacterial translocation at 48 h after modeling was lower in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group and the model group (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-α contents within 6 h were positively correlated with pathological scores of pancreas (r = 0.579, P < 0.01). ROC curve showed that serum TNF-α contents could predict the severity of SAP (ROC = 0.990, 95% Cl: 0.971 to 1.000). HMGB1 in the small intestine was positively correlated with pathological scores of the small intestine (r = 0.620, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEarly stage use of MDD could effectively reduce the release of TNF-α, while whole course use of MDD could effectively inhibit the expression of HMGB1. The latter could preferably attenuate injuries of the pancreas and the small intestine, lower MLNs bacterial translocation, and elevate the survival rate.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HMGB1 Protein ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Octreotide ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurocholic Acid ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A method for quantitative detection of florfenicol by colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay was developed.The experimental conditions including pH value, concentrations of antibody in the process of conjugation between the colloidal gold and antibody, amount of gold-labeled antibody, concentration of the antigen sprayed on test lines (T line), and detection time were optimized.With a colloidal gold strip reader, the signal intensity of T lines and control lines (C line) on lateral flow strips was recorded.The T/C ratio of negative control and positive samples was defined as B0 and Bx, and the standard curve was established by plotting the Bx/B0 ratio against the concentration of florfenicol.This assay showed a good linear range from 0.1 to 1.5 ng/mL with the limit of detection of 0.08 ng/mL, while the result could be obtained within 15 min.The result showed that this quantitative method was convenient and rapid, and could be used in screening a large amount of samples on site.

The mechanisms leading to the occurrence of seizures in humans are still poorly understood. It is widely accepted, however, that the process of seizure generation is closely associated with an abnormal synchronization of neurons. In order to investigate this process, we have studied synchronization between different regions of the brain from intracranial EEG recordings of Pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat by Synchronization likelihood (SL). It was found that during the state of transition from non-epileptiform discharges to continuous-epileptiform discharges, synchronization between left-ECoG and left-EHG was significantly strengthened, and similar change had taken place between right-ECoG and right-EHGd; left-ECoG; and right-ECoG and left-EHG and right-EHG (P < 0.05). During the state of transition from continuous-epileptiform discharges to period-epileptiform discharges, the synchronization was significantly weakened between left-ECoG and left-EHG, and similar change was noted between left-EHG and right-EHG (P < 0.01). The results showed that SL might be used to assess the dynamics of synchronization and it might be helpful to understanding the mechanisms involving the origin of epileptiform discharge.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pilocarpine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective Benzothiazole derivative BD960 has immunosuppressive activity after cell -based assays for high-throughput screening.The paper aimed to investigate the involved mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads.Then the T cells were activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The effect of BD960 on activa-ted T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD960 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometer.Cytokine levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ, were determined by ELISA. Results BD960 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner.The IC50 value is (2.3 ±0.3)μmol/L or (2.5 ±0.3)μmol/L, respectively.Moreover, BD960 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on rest-ing T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .The ratio of CD25 expression on T cell was 69.7%after stimulated by Anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs with 72 h, the concentration (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L of BD960 also had no potent effects on the ratio, but 0.1μmol/L FK506 could inhibit CD25 expression as low as 9.4%.The G0/G1 phase of activated T cells was 58.5%after stimulated by BD960 with 96 h.BD960 could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in activated T cells with the increase of concentration and RAPA in the concentration of 0.1 μmol/L was 91.5%.In addition, BD960 (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells with the increase of concentration, without any effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion BD960 not only exerts the inhibition on the late stage of T cell activation of cell proliferation but also inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ, while the mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation was not the same as FK506.As a result, BD960 has the potential to be the lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome