OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP)on the transmembrane transport of sodium glycocholate (GA) and sodium taurocholate (TA) in colon glandular cell Caco-2. METHODS:Caco-2 model was used,and RP-HPLC was conducted to determine the contents of GA and TA in cell culture medium. The test was divided into GSP group, GA group,TA group,GSP+GA group and GSP+TA group,the transport volumes of transporting GA and TA from Transwell apical (AP)side to basolateral(BL)side by Caco-2 cell at 0,2,4,8 h were detected,respectively. RESULTS:The linear ranges of GA and TA were 0.05-1.2 mmol/L(R2=0.9999). With the time passing,transport volumes of GA and TA in BL site in GA group and TA group were sharply increased;while the transport volumes were obviously decreased after adding GSP,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:GSP has inhibitory effect on the transmembrane transport of GA and TA in Caco-2 cell.

Objective To study the influence and mechanism of seawater immersion on endothelial cell injury sustained by burn firearm combined injury to improve the early therapeutic efficacy. Methods The dogs with burn firearm combined injury were randomly divided into two groups: immersion group and control group. In immersion group, the dogs were immersed in seawater for 4 hours, then taken out from seawater. Blood samples were collected from central vein at 4 h, 7 h, 10 h, 20 h and 28 h following wound for the detection of changes of the circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). The same procedures except immersion were performed in the control group. Results The levels of CEC and vWF elevated at 4 h and 7 h following wound in control group( P

Objective To investigate the effect of seawater immersion on the hemostatic function of endothelial cells in dogs sustained burn firearm combined injury and the mechanisms. Methods Dogs with burn firearm combined injury were randomly divided into two groups: immersion group and control group. Dogs in immersion group were immersed in seawater for 4 h, and then taken out from seawater. Blood samples were collected from central vein before wound, immediately after immersion, at 4, 7, 10, 20, and 28 h after immersion to detect the changes in circulating endothelial cells (CEC), tissue type plasminogen activator (t PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and thromboxane B 2/6 keto prostaglandin F 1? (TXB 2/6 K PGF 1? ). Dogs were sacrificed at 28 h after wound for the purpose of pathological examination of the lung tissue. The indices detected except seawater immersion in the control group were the same as those in the immersion group. Results In the control group, the levels of CEC, PAI 1, and TXB 2/6 K PGF 1? increased, but the level of t PA decreased at 4 and 7 h after wound. However, in immersion group, the levels of CEC, PAI 1 and TXB2/6 K PGF1? kept increasing, but the level of t PA kept decreasing at 4, 7, 10, 20, and 28 h. Each index in immersion group from 4 h to 28 h after wound was significantly different from that in the control group ( P

Objective To study the influence of seawater immersion on hemostatic function after burn in dogs. Methods Twenty healthy adult mongrel dogs of beth sexes weighing 12-15 kg were randomly divided into two groups: immersion group(n=10) and control group(n=10). The animals were anesthestized with 3% pentobarbital 30 mg?kg~(-1) i.v., intubated and mechanically ventilated. 5F Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein. 10% of the skin on the back was burnt(second degree). In immersion group the animals were immersed in seawater containing salt 25.3 g?L~(-1)(pH8.1, T21-23℃) with head and neck kept above water for 4h. In control group the animals suffered second degree burn of same area without being immersed in seawater. Blood samples were taken from Swan-Ganz catheter before burn(baseline)and 4,7,10,20,28 h after burn for determination of(1) circulating endothelial cell(CEC) count, (2)tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA), (3) plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) and (4) thromboxane B_2/6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1?)(TXB_2/6-k-PGF_(1?)). At the end of the experiment lung tissue was obtained for microscopic examination. Results The blood CEC count, PAI-1 level and TXB_2/6-k-PGF_(1?) ratio significantly increased while t-PA level significantly decreased at 4 h after burn in control group but at 4-28 h after burn in immersion group. The differences between the two groups were significant. Microscopic examination of the lung showed some thrombi in immersion group. Conclusion Burn causes acute damage to the endothelial cells of the whole body and disorder of hemostasis. They are more severe and last longer after seawater immersion.

Objective To approach the relationship between visceral histopathology and blood bacteriology changes of projectile-burn combined wound jointed with seawater soak. Methods After model creation in dogs of projectile-burn combined wound jointed with seawater soak, fifteen dogs were randomly assigned randomized into two groups: projectile-burn-only(unsoaked group, US), projectile-burn combined wound with seawater immersion(soaked group,S). 0, 4,7,10,20,28h after injury the blood samples were taken for bacterial culture. Tissue samples of heart, liver, kidneys were taken for pathological examination with light microscope (LM) 28h after injury or in the moribund stage. Results Bacteriemia was found in soaked group earlier and severer.The bacteriemia has a multiple sources. There were not only intestinal bacteria, but also surface bacteria and seawater bacteria found in soaked group. Different degrees of circulation disturbance, degeneration changes and severe inflammation reaction were found in viscera. Conclusion After seawater soak, bacteriemia aggravated the injury of animals′ viscera, and thus led to a higher mortality.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of amiodarone combined with metoprolol in the treatment of arrhythmia.Methods100 cases of patients with coronary heart disease arrhythmia treated in our hospital from August 2015 to September 2016 were selected as the research object in this study.They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, each group had a total of 50 cases.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional arrhythmia treatment, and the experimental group was treated with amiodarone combined with metoprolol on the basis of conventional treatment.Comparative analysis of the experimental group and the control group of patients with clinical therapeutic effect index.ResultsAfter the corresponding treatment, the experimental group of 50 patients, the therapeutic effect of 18 cases were invalid, 12 cases were effective, 20 cases were markedly effective, the total effective number of cases to 32 cases, the effective rate was 64.0%.In the control group of 50 patients, 29 patients were invalid, and the effective rate was effective in all of the 8 patients.The effective rate of the treatment was effective in all of the 13 patients, with a total effective rate of 42.0%.Therefore, the effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).The diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the incidence of adverse reactions, which was not statistically significant.ConclusionAmiodarone Combined with metoprolol for treatment of arrhythmia is better, more widely used, can improve the treatment efficiency to a great extent, the treatment of high safety, with further clinical promotion and application.

Objectives To explore the relationship between the extension force deficiency of the lower extremity and fall risks among the senior female,so as to reveal the potential factors contributing to fall.Methods Forty community-dwelling senior females aged 65 and older were assigned to the group of fallers or non-fallers according to their reported fall history and measured fall risk index (FRI).Extension force of the lower extremity was measured through 3-consecutive fast squats on a force platform.The time for 3m-time up and going (TUG),as well as static and dynamic balance were also measured.Results Compared to the non-fallers,the fallers showed lower peak extension force per body weight (PEF/BW) of the left leg and larger asymmetry of the peak extension force per body weight between the two legs in squats.Correlation analysis showed that FRI had a strong negative relation with PEF/BW of the left leg and a strong positive relation with extension force asymmetry/body weight.Also time for 3m-TUG was positively related to all the force variables standardized by the body weight,especially for the left leg.However,the analysis failed to find a relationship between the velocity of the center of pressure (COP) sway on static balance and any force variables.In addition,PEF/BW of the left leg decreased and force asymmetry/body weight between the two legs increased with aging.Conclusion Extension force measurement in squat is an effective way to assess the muscle strength deficiency related to the increased fall risk.The extension force of the lower extremity to support the body weight in squat had a strong relation to the function decline in the dynamic balance,which contributes greatly to fall risk.The extensive force asymmetry in squat between the two legs is another important fall risk factor for the senior females.

Objective To investigate the death causes and risk factors of uremia patients in order to improve the prognosis of uremia patients.Methods Clinical data of 247 uremia inpatients and outpatients from 2001 to 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Dead patients were served as death group (n=124) and survival patients as control group (n=123).Death causes and primary disease were studied.Frequency of hemodialysis,prealbumin,albumin,natremia and pulmonary infection were compared between two groups.Results Age and gender were not associated with the death of uremia patients.The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease followed by respiratory failure,uremic encephalopathy,cerebral hemorrhage,gastrointestinal hemorrhage,etc.Hemodialysis frequency,prealbumin,albumin and natremia of dead patients were obviously lower than those of control group.More patients in death group suffered from pulmonary infection.Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that death risk increased by 40.7％ when reducing 1 time per week of hemodialysis; death risk increased by 53.4％ when reducing 50 mg/L of prealbumin; death risk increased by 14.6％ when reducing 5 mmol/L of blood sodium; death risk of patients with pulmonary infection increased by 15.06 times of patients without pulmonary infection;death risk of diabetes mellitus increased by 4.26 times of patients without diabetes mellitus.Conclusions Cardiovascular disease,respiratory failure,uremic encephalopathy,cerebral hemorrhage,and gastrointestinal hemorrhage are common causes of death in uremia patients.Hemodialysis frequency,prealbumin,hyponatremia,pulmonary infection and diabetes can be regarded as risk factors for death of uremia patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of the vitamin D receptor gene BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ genetic polymorphisms with bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women.METHODS: ①total of 576 postmenopausal Han ethnic women of 48-84 (62.17±6.37) years old in Fuzhou city were investigated, on the basis of their informed consent, through random sampling method from January 2007 to December 2008. ②The subjects were recorded regarding to their age, menopause duration, body mineral index and postmenopausal fracture incidence. ③Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used for measuring the bone mineral density of vertebrae L<,2-4>, left femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. ④The genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ were detected using polymerase chain reaction-rastriction and fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. ⑤The biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum bone gla protein, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, urinary pyddinoline and urinary deoxypyridinoline) were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: A total of 561 subjects up to standard were involved in the result analysis. ①There was no significant difference in bone mineral density among genotypes of vitamin D receptor gene BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ polymorphisms (P > 0.05). ②There was no significant difference in the biochemical markers of bone tumover among genotypes of BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ polymorphisms (P > 0.05). ③There was no significant difference in the incidence of osteoporosis among genotypes of BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ polymorphisms (P > 0.05). ④There was no significant difference in the incidence of postmenopausal fracture among genotypes of BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ polymorphisms (P > 0,05).CONCLUSION: BSM Ⅰ, TAQ Ⅰ and APA Ⅰ polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene are not obviously associated with osteoporesis in postmenopausal women, and accordingly can not be taken as genetic markers of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Fuzhou.

Objective To establish a luciferase labeled McA-RH7777 hepatoma rat model,which could be used for gross observation to further observe the effect of selective ligation of the portal vein and bile duct on tumor growth and metastasis.Methods The luciferase gene was transfected into rat McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells with pCDH-puromycin-CMV as the carrier,which were subcutaneously inoculated into Buffalo rats.Tumor pieces were then heterotransplanted into the left lateral lobe of the allogenic rat liver to observe the tumor growth in vivo.After the successful hepatoma modeling,the rats were randomly divided into three groups,namely the implanted portal vein group with combined portal vein and bile duct ligation,the implanted portal vein group with single portal vein ligation and sham operation group.The rats were executed at the 1 st week and 2nd week after ligation,and the livers were dissected to record the tumor growth and metastasis inside and outside the liver,respectively.Results The tumor formation rates of Buffalo rats after subcutaneous and intrahepatic implantation were both 100％.The fluorescence signal implanted into the liver lobe could be observed in vivo after the intrahepatic implantation of luciferase transfected Luc-McA-RH7777 at 2nd week,the range and intensity of which increased over time.Only local tumor growth could be found at the 4th week,without obvious intrahepatic and lung metastasis.However,both an increased in situ tumor volume and the pulmonary metastasis could be observed in the implanted portal vein group with combined portal vein and bile duct ligation at 2nd week after the ligation.Immunohistochemistry showed AFP positive immunoreactions in the vast majority of intrahepatic tumor cells and Luc positive immunoreactions in part of tumor cells.Conclusion Luc-McA-RH7777 cells could be used to establish the heptoma rat model and the in vivo analysis within the Buffalo rat liver demonstrated that the combined ligation of the portal vein and bile duct can accelerate the development and metastasis of liver cancer.