Objective To investigate the changes of the masseter muscle following osteotomy of the prominent mandibular angle and to provide guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Ten goats were equally divided into two groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle, and in group B we performed unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle. The cross section area (CSA) and the sarcomere length of masseter muscle were measured beore and after operation. Results (1) Cross section area (CSA) of masseter muscle fiber in curved ostectomy group decreased at 1,2, 3 and 6 months after operation in different extent. Comparing with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). CSA of masseter muscle fiber in dissection group decreased 1 month postoperatively, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). But, they had no significant difference with control group at 2, 3, and 6 months after operation (P>0.01). (2) Sarcomere length of masseter muscle in curved ostectomy group decreased in 1 week, 1 and 2 months after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 3 months after operation, sarcomere length recovered to normal. In dissection group, sarcomere length decreased in 1 week and 1 month after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 2 month after operation, it recovered to normal. Conclusion Certain extent of atrophy does happen to masseter muscle after mandibular angle ostectomy. Meanwhile, these changes do not significantly impair the function of masseter muscle. According to this, we suggest a simple mandibular angle ostectomy without partial resection of masseter muscle in case of mild to morderate mandibular angle hypertrophy. Doing so, we can not only achieve the cosmetic effect but also reduce the implications.

Objective To explore the expressions of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in acute liver failure mice induced by D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the correlation with miRNAs in the liver.Methods Forty clean grade Balb/C mice,with 32 in the model group and 8 in the control group were enrolled in the study.Liver failure was induced by intraperitoneally injection of D-GalN and LPS in mice of the model group,while mice of the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL 0.9 ％ sodium chloride solution.Serum and liver samples were collected at 0,3,5,7 hours following administration,and eight mice should be supplied to each sample,and changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histopathology of the liver were observed.miRNA from both the serum and the liver was extracted,miRNA expression profile in the liver at 0,5,7 hours by locked nucleic acid (LNA)-miRNA microarray was analyzed and miRNA by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was detected.Means of the two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and correlation analyses were performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation.Results Expression of miRNAs in the liver tissue changed significantly over time with the occurrence of acute liver failure in the mice.Twenty-one miRNAs were up-regulated and 27 were down-regulated,among which miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 were down-regulated while miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 were up-regulated.It was confirmed by the PCR assay that the expression of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in the liver gradually decreased,while those in the serum were up-regulated over time.However,the expressions of inflammation associated miRNA-155 and miRNA-146a were up-regulated both in the serum and the liver after administration.The expressions of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 were negatively correlated between serum and liver (r=-0.477,P=0.0089,r=-0.420,P=0.231),while the expressions of miRNA-155 in serum and liver were positively correlated (r=0.678,P=0.0001).Moreover,the expressions of miRNA-122 (r=0.571,0.554) and miRNA-1187 (r=0.471,0.542) were also positively correlated with serum levels of ALT and AST (all P＜0.05).Liver and serum levels of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 changed significantly at 5 hours after administration,which preceded the changes of ALT/AST.Conclusions The expressions of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in serum are well inversely correlated with the corresponding expressions in liver tissues during acute liver failure in mice.The changes of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in the serum precede those of ALT/AST.These data suggest that serum miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 might be the candidate serum biomarkers for early prediction of liver injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reconstruction of acquired orbital deformities.

METHODSThrough coronal incisions, subciliary incisions and buccal sulcus incisions, or periorbital wound, the displaced orbital walls were repositioned after osteotomy. And the mandibular outer cortex was used to repair the bone defect, so as to restore the orital integrity.

RESULTSFrom Sept. 2002 to Jun. 2006, 64 patients with acquired orbital deformities were treated. The integrity of orbit and eyeball location recovered very well.

CONCLUSIONSRestoration of the orbital integrity is the key to the treatment of acquired orbital deformities. The periorbital deformities should be corrected after osteotomy with mandibular outer cortex for bone defect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic values of ultrasound (US) and (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/computerized tomography (CT) in diagnosing suspected thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 28 patients who had undergone total or subtotal thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection from December 2011 to December 2012 in PUMC Hospital and had undergone US and FDG PET/CT before surgery were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient, US and FDG PET/CT images were retrospectively reviewed to determine the presence of carcinoma with or without loco-regional metastasis by level-by-level analysis. The potential correlation between imaging results and histopathology were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 11 benign lesions,15 papillary carcinomas, one follicular carcinoma, and one medullary carcinoma. For thyroid carcinoma,the sensitivity and specificity were 88.2% and 63.6% for US and 76.5% and 54.5% for FDG PET/CT(P>0.05). For lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity was 68.0% for US and 60.0% for FDG PET/CT (P>0.05), and the specificity was 96.7% for US and FDG PET/CT.FDG PET/CT could provide more diagnostic information than US for patients with level 2 or 5 metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSCombination of US and FDG PET/CT is typically not needed for differentiating thyroid lesions.However, for patients with suspected lymph node metastasis of infrequently involved levels, the combination of US and FDG PET/CT may be a good choice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the action of pingxiao capsules (PXC) and its significance in the treatment of late stage mammary cancer (LSMC).

METHODSOne hundred and forty-two LSMC patients were randomized into four groups: the two single treated groups treated by endocrinotherapy (ET) alone (n = 27) and by chemotherapy alone (n=44) respectively, and the two PXC combined treated groups treated with PXC plus endocrinotherapy (n=27) or chemotherapy (n=44). The remission rate and progression time (TTP) of disease, the survival time and quality of life (QOL) of patients, and the adverse reaction were compared between the single treated groups and the combined treated groups.

RESULTSThe median progression time was obviously prolonged, and QOL improved in the combined treated groups than those in the single treated groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the remission rate or adverse reaction between them.

CONCLUSIONPXC can improve QOL, prolong the progression time in patients of LSMC, and with less adverse reaction. It is worth spreading combination of PXC with chemo- or endocrino-therapy in clinical application for treatment of LSMC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Phytotherapy ; Sepharose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) on level of serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients of acute anterior uveitis (AAU).

METHODSPatients of AAU were randomly divided into two groups. The treated group (n = 50) was mainly treated with TWP and the control group (n = 50) treated with bimolani. The level of IL-2 and TNF-alpha before and after treatment were determined and compared between the two groups and also compared between the treated group and normal group consisted of 50 healthy subjects.

RESULTSLevels of IL-2 and TNF-alpha in the treated group before treatment were 1.31 +/- 0.27 micrograms/L and 1.20 +/- 0.65 micrograms/L, and after treatment 1.19 +/- 0.27 micrograms/L and 0.96 +/- 0.54 microgram/L, those in the control group were 1.31 +/- 0.26 micrograms/L and 1.22 +/- 0.66 micrograms/L before treatment and 1.20 +/- 0.27 micrograms/L and 0.98 +/- 0.51 microgram/L after treatment respectively. Comparisons of the two parameters before and after treatment in both groups showed significant difference (P < 0.05 in TWP group and P < 0.01 in bimolani group). The two parameters in both treated groups were all higher than those in the normal group before treatment (P < 0.05), but showed insignificant difference after treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal changes of IL-2 and TNF-alpha exist in AAU patients, TWP could suppress both parameters markedly therefore has a reliable effect in treatment of AAU.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosides ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Uveitis, Anterior ; blood ; drug therapy

Objective To study effect of excessive iodine intake on sodium-iodide symporter(NIS)mRNA and protein expression of breast in lactating rats.Methods60 Wistar rats,having been weaned for one month,were randomly divided into three groups according to their body weights,I.e,①normal iodine(NI,30 rats);②ten fold high iodine(10 HI,15 rats);③one hundred fold high iodine(100 HI,15 rats).Eating food containing iodine of 300μg/L and drinking water of iodine at 5,1845,20 295μg/L,respectively.After fed for 3 months,the rats mated and had offspring,and urine and milk iodine of lactating rats were determined by As-Ce-catalytic spectrophotometric method.Their marmnary glands were sampled at lactation day 10.Then NIS mRNA expression by RT-PCR was determined and NIS protein by immunohistochemistry(SABC)was observed.Results The urine iodine of 10 HI group(3597.5μg/L)and 100HI group(25 404.3μg/L)increased obviously compared with that of NI group(344.7μg/L).The milk iodine of 10HI group(27.1×103μg/L)and 100HI group(191.0×1μg/L)was higher than that of NI group(6.0×103μg/L),but the increased fold of milk iodine was not paralleled with that of urine iodine.Difference of NIS mRNA expression was significant(F=24.19,P＜0.01)among the groups,and the NIS mRNA expression in 10HI(1.250±0.034)and 100HI(1.272±0.039)group were less than that in NI (1.532±0.044)group(P＜0.01).The breast NIS mRNA expression in lactating rats(1.532±0.044)was significantly higher than that in unlactating rats(0.879±0.018,P＜0.01).With the increasing iodine uptake,NIS protein expression decreased.Conclusions The NIS mRNA and protein in rat breasts is down-regulated by excessive iodine intake.So increasing extent of milk iodine concentration is inhibited,which is important to prevent off-spring from getting excessive iodine intake from parental generation.

OBJECTIVETo establish human colorectal tissue model in HIV-1 mucosal infection and by using pseudotyped virus to simulate the biological process of HIV-1 mucosal infection from HIV-1 entering into mucosa to local infection establishment.

METHODSTumor adjacent normal colorectal tissues were obtained with informed consent. After excised the muscularis externa, the mucosa and submucosa were dissected into the same blocks and cultured in 12-well cell culture plates. The cultured tissue structure and morphology were observed from day 0 to day 13 by staining with the hematoxylin eosin (HE), and the tissue activity was detected by 3(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The established tissues explants were infected by a single cycle replicated pseudotyped virus and propagated for 6 - 7 days, then subjected to the detection of p24 production within supernatant to verify the applicability of the model for the studying of HIV-1 mucosal infection. The applicability of the established explants for safety and reactivity evaluation of mucosa topical drugs was conducted by the using of first generation antiseptic Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as an example.

RESULTSHE staining showed the structure of colorectal tissue was remained well until 5(th) day and still evident until 13(th) day. The tissue activity of cultured mucosa was above 80% at day 4, and still remained over 50% at day 7 as detected by MTT assay. After infected by pseudo virus, the increased level of p24 was detected from supernatant collected on 1(st), 4(th), 8(th) day, which indicated a local infection was created. In addition, the dose changing of N-9 was reflected sensitively by the activity of this model.

CONCLUSIONEx vivo human colorectal tissue model mimic HIV-1 mucosal infection was established that can be used to replicate the bioprocess of human HIV-1 mucosal infection.

Colon ; pathology ; virology ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; virology ; Models, Biological ; Rectum ; pathology ; virology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel gene delivery vector TAT-PEI-beta-CyD.

METHODSbeta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) was linked by low molecular weight (PEI 600) via 1, 1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), and TAT peptide (RRRQRRKKRC) was coupled to PEI 600 by [N-succinimidy-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate, SPDP]. The copolymer was characterized by (1)H-NMR and FT-IR. Physiochemical characteristics of TAT-PEI-beta-CyD/DNA complexes were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis and particle size measurements. Cell viability and transfection efficiency were evaluated in A293 and B16 cells using PEI 25 kDa as a control.

RESULTTAT peptide was successfully coupled to PEI-beta-CyD. The result of gel electrophoresis showed that the TAT-PEI-beta-CyD was able to condense DNA efficiently at N/P ratio of 4. The particle size of TAT-PEI-beta-CyD/DNA complexes was around 100 nm. The cytotoxicity of TAT-PEI-beta-CyD was lower than that of PEI 25 kDa. The transfection efficiency of TAT-PEI-beta-CyD was higher than that of PEI 25 kDa in A293 and B16 cells at N/P ratio of 30.

CONCLUSIONThe novel vector TAT-PEI-beta-CyD has been developed successfully with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency.

Cell Line ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; chemistry

OBJECTIVESTo determine the possible relationship between plasma potassium concentration and severity of acute trimethyltin chloride (TMT) poisoning and to assess the mechanism of TMT induced hypokalemia.

METHODSSD rats were treated with various dosages of TMT (i.p.). All the indices were measured and analysed for determining their possible relations with plasma K+.

RESULTSWith increase of dosage, the plasma K+ level dropped rapidly, and deaths appeared more quickly. The LD50 of TMT (i.p.) was 14.7 mg/kgbw. In the low dosage group (10 mg/kgbw), the plasma K+ level dropped slowly with the lowest dosage on day 6 (4.85 mmol/L). It rose again on day 11 (5.06 mmol/L), and recovered on day 28. The poisoning signs corresponded with decline of the span of K+ level. The plasma Na+ level dropped half an hour after TMT treatment, but recovered 24 h later. In the high dosage group (46.4 mg/kgbw), the levels of plasma K+ and Na+ fell rapidly within half an hour (P < 0.05), the intracellular potassium concentration of RBC did not decrease obviously (P > 0.05), the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase in RBC membrane were depressed remarkably (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively), the plasma aldosterone concentrations rose as high as tenfold (P < 0.01), the arterial blood pH fell from 7.434 to 7.258 (P < 0.01), pCO2 was raised from 29.62 to 45.33 mmHg (P < 0.01). In the 24 h urine test, when rats were treated with TMT (21.5 mg/kgbw, i.p.), urine volume, urinary potassium, sodium and chloride increased significantly in comparison with those in the controls (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTMT could induce hypokalemia in SD rats. The available evidence suggests that TMT can induce acute renal leakage of potassium. At the same time, a significant rise of plasma aldosterone may play an important role in promoting potassium leakage from kidney to result in severe hypokalemia with inhaling acid-base abnormalities produced, which aggravate the poisoning symptoms. In the end the rats would die of respiratory failure.

Animals ; Female ; Hypokalemia ; chemically induced ; veterinary ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; veterinary ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Severity of Illness Index ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; pharmacology ; poisoning