Effects of aqueous extract from the root of Morinda sp. were studied on liver injury induced by a high dose of carbon tetrachloride in rats. The results showed that the extract had a hepatoprotective effect at a dose of 10g/kg of body weight. The effect was similar to that of silymarin at a dose of 25mg/kg of body weight in terms of AST, ALT activities, total serum cholesterol and protein concentrations as well as macro-and microscopic histological studies of the liver.
Liver ; Plants, Medicinal ; Plants ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; rats

Background:Resistance to antibiotics due to extended \ufffd?spectrum \ufffd?Lactamase (ESBL) which increased quickly, made treatment much more difficult. However, this matter was not enough to be concerned in our country. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of ESBL producing among clinical isolates of E.coli, K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp and the classification of ESBLs gene by PCR. Subjects and method: 663 strains, including 248 E.coli, 393 K.pneumoniae, 22 Enterobacter spp, isolated from patients in Viet Tiep hospital (Hai Phong), Bach Mai and Pediatric hospital (Ha Noi). ESBLs were detected using modified double \ufffd?disc method. The classification of ESBLs producing strains was implemented by PCR. Results:the percentage of ESBL producing in E.coli, K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp is 20.2; 18.3 and 36.4%, respectively. The ESBLs producing strains were co \ufffd?resistant to most of the tested antibiotics. These strains were prevalent in intensive care units (sputum or respiratory fluid samples). TEM, SHV, CTX \ufffd?M, OXA were 87.7; 62.3; 24.6 and 12.3%, respectively. They were detected alone or in combination in the same strain. Conclusion: The rate of ESBLs producing strains is high. ESBLs were marker for multi \ufffd?drug resistance. TEM and SHV type ESBLs are most prevalent in the tested strains.
beta-Lactamases ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Enterobacter ; Escherichia coli ;

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.