OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of intervention with oral probiotic METHODS: This study were conducted among 155 women in the third trimester of pregnancy with positive results of GBS culture in the Outpatient Department of Zhujiang Hospital from March to November, 2019. After excluding 32 patients who received lactobacillus intervention for less than 2 weeks or underwent postpartum GBS retesting, the women were divided into oral probiotics intervention group (60 cases) and non-intervention group (63 cases). According to the results of GBS retesting, the 60 women in the intervention group were divided into GBS-negative group (18 cases) and persistent GBS-positive group (42 cases). At the end of the intervention, the rates of negative GBS culture result were calculated and the pregnancy outcomes were compared. From 5 women randomly selected from the intervention group, samples of vaginal secretions were collected before and after the intervention for amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, the GBS-negative rate in the intervention group was 30% (18/60), as compared with 23% (3/13) in the non-intervention group. Probiotic intervention significantly reduced the incidence of premature rupture of membranes ( CONCLUSIONS Intervention with oral probiotics can reduce vaginal GBS colonization in late pregnancy and improve the pregnancy outcome.
Female ; Humans ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Microbiota ; Pregnancy ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vagina

6 years (RR=4.15), with previous abdominal pain (RR=7.2) or constipation (RR=4.06). Constipation was recorded in 23/289 (8.0%), with increased risk in children having surgery (RR=2.56) or previous constipation (RR=7.38). Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.30) and abdominal pain (RR=0.36). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. reuteri significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.37 and 0.35) and abdominal pain (RR=0.37 and 0.24).CONCLUSION: AAD occurred in 20.4% of children, with increased risk at younger age, lower respiratory and urinary tract infections, intravenous treatment and previous AAD. LGG and L. reuteri reduced both AAD and associated abdominal pain.]]>
Abdominal Pain ; Administration, Intravenous ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Constipation ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Probiotics ; Prospective Studies ; Protective Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: Lactobacilli are probiotic bacteria that are effective in the management of allergic diseases or gastroenteritis. It is hypothesized that such probiotics have immunoregulatory properties and promote mucosal tolerance. Our goal was to investigate whether Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 could inhibit airway inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of asthma. METHODS: BALB/c mice aged 6 weeks were used in the present study. Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 was administered daily, starting 1 week prior to the first OVA sensitization (group 1) and 2 days before the first 1% OVA airway challenge (group 2). Mice that received only saline at both sensitization and airway challenge time points were used as negative controls (group 3), and those that had OVA-induced asthma were used as positive controls (group 4). Airway responsiveness to methacholine was assessed, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. At the endpoint of the study, total IgE as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung pathology was also evaluated. RESULTS: Airway hyperresponsiveness, total cell counts and the proportion of eosinophils in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 4 (P<0.05). Total serum IgE levels were also significantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 4. Serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG(2a) were not significantly influenced by treatment with Lcr35. There was significantly less peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells in group 1 compared with group 4; however, there were no significant differences in methacholine challenge, BAL, serology or histology between groups 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Oral treatment with Lcr35 prior to sensitization can attenuate airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. These results suggest that Lcr35 may have potential for preventing asthma.
Aged ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bacteria ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Cell Count ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation ; Lactobacillus ; Lactobacillus casei ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Primary Prevention ; Probiotics

Aims: The specific aim of this study is to investigate the probiotic potentials of mucuna beans flour fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Methodology and results: The L. acidophilus used was isolated from neonate faeces using the pour plate technique, thereafter, it was screened for growth and survival in the mucuna beans flour. Liquid fermentation method was adopted for fermentation of mucuna beans flour and at the end of 72 h fermentation at 37 °C, the L. acidophilus showed appreciable growth (90 × 105 CFU/mL). After storage for 14 days at refrigeration (4 ± 2 °C) and room temperature (25 ± 2 °C), there was a considerable increase in the Lactobacillus found in the products stored at room temperature (183.67 ± 3.28 ×105 CFU/mL) compared to the one stored at refrigeration temperature (94 ± 2.33 × 105 CFU/mL). There was a steady increase in the total titratable acidity and temperature with concomitant reduction in the pH of samples during the fermentation period. The proximate analysis showed that there was an increase in the protein and moisture contents with decrease in carbohydrates, fats, fiber and ash contents of the fermented samples compared to the unfermented sample. Under varying pH range, L. acidophilus showed high growth and survival at pH 2 to 3. Supplementing the diet of albino rats infected with E. coli and Shigella with fermented products reduces significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the numbers of these pathogens and other enteric bacteria while the number of the Lactobacilli increased considerably. Furthermore, the body weight of the rats fed the fermented product was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than the control group. Also, the haematological analysis showed that the rats infected with the pathogens and later fed the fermented mucuna beans flour recovered fully since their values are well within the permissible limit and are not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from the control group. In all, the rats fed the product fermented with L. acidophilus showed good recovery compared to the control. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results of this investigation suggest that mucuna beans flour supports the growth and survival of L. acidophilus and exerts considerable probiotic effect on young mammals. Therefore, mucuna may be used as an ideal probiotic food.
Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Fermentation

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is one of the etiological agents for dental caries and dominant in the deep carious lesion. L. acidophilus has also been identified in persistent root canal infection and also related to the failure of endodontic treatment. Photodynamic therapy is a therapeutic process involving the combination of a nontoxic photosensitizer and a light source. The excited photosensitizer reacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce injury and death of the microorganism. This study aimed to prove the effect of irradiation time of photodynamic therapy to the number of L. acidophilus. Forty-two Eppendorf tubes were treated with 0.5 ml L. acidophilus distributed into seven groups. Group 1 as the control group received no treatment. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were treated with a combination of 0.5 ml toluidine blue O (TBO) as a photosensitizer and 630 nm photoactivated (Fotosan®) exposure time for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 sec. Then, all were stored in an incubator of 37ºC for 48 h. Later, the colony-forming unit (CFU) was counted for each group. There were significant differences in the number of L. acidophilus in CFU of the various irradiation times. The longer the photodynamic therapy irradiation was, the lesser the number of live L. acidophilus became. At 50 sec and 60 sec irradiation, none of the L. acidophilus was found alive.
Photochemotherapy ; Lactobacillus acidophilus

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the storage stability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 tamarind juice with or without beta-glucans. Methodology and results: Lactobacillus acidophilus incorporated with 6% (w/v) beta-glucans displayed the highest viability (17.28 log10 CFU/mL) as compared to other beta-glucans concentrations (0-8% w/v). The L. acidophilus with or without beta-glucans survived more than 80% after 5 h of sequential digestion. Tamarind juice was subjected to different thermal treatments (76 °C for 30 sec or 90 °C for 60 sec) and incorporated with L. acidophilus with or without betaglucans. Lactobacillus acidophilus in tamarind juice without thermal treatment showed the highest viability (8.69 log10 CFU/mL), followed by thermal treatment at 76 °C for 30 sec (>7 log10 CFU/mL), and thermal treatment at 90 °C for 60 sec showed the lowest viability (>4 log10 CFU/mL), after 21 days at 4 °C. The pH, titratable acidity and viscosity of all L. acidophilus-tamarind juices demonstrated no changes throughout 21 days at 4 °C. Furthermore, thermal-treated tamarind juice (90 °C for 60 sec) incorporated with L. acidophilus displayed the least change in total soluble solids (1.99 °Brix), while thermal-treated tamarind juice (90 °C for 60 sec) with L. acidophilus and beta-glucans had the lowest color change (∆E = 4.46), after 21 days of storage at 4 °C. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Thermal treatments (90 °C for 60 sec) had contributed to the stability of L. acidophilus-tamarind juice with beta-glucans over 21 days of cold storage. This study shows thermal treated tamarind juice with L. acidophilus and beta-glucans is a potential functional non-dairy beverage catered for lactose intolerance individuals.
Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Food Microbiology

PURPOSE: To evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of probiotics mixture (probiotics) in the treatment of children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial with a washout period of 2 weeks and an intervention period for 6 weeks, conducted from November 2010 to October 2011. One hundred children with mild to moderate AD (2-9 years old) were randomly allocated to the probiotics (Lactobacilluss casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) or placebo groups. The assessment of efficacy was based on the change in eczema area severity index (EASI), visual analogue scale for pruritus (VASP), fecal cell counts of each strains (log10[cell counts/g stool]), and serum cytokine levels (Interleukin-4 [IL-4]; IL-10; Tumor necrosis factor alpha, [TNF-alpha]) in weeks 0 and 6. RESULTS: Demographics and baseline characteristics at the week 0 were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The significant increments in fecal-cell counts were observed in the probiotcs group at week 6 (P=0.00), while the cytokine levels between the 2 groups were not significantly different in week 6 (IL-4, P=0.50; IL-10, P=0.58; TNF-alpha, P=0.82). The probiotics significantly improved clinical severity after 6 weeks' intervention of probiotics; however, the placebo group also showed significant improvement (EASI; P=0.00, VASP; P=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that probiotics successfully colonized in the intestine after 6 weeks' intervention; nevertheless, we could not find an additional therapeutic or immunomodulatory effects on the treatment of AD. Further long-term studies will be necessary to clarify the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics.
Bifidobacterium ; Cell Count ; Child* ; Colon ; Cytokines ; Demography ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eczema ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Intestines ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Probiotics* ; Pruritus ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Probiotics that are able to provide beneficial effects on animal health have become important ingredients of dog foods. This study was conducted to characterize the probiotic potentials of two strains, Lactobacillus reuteri BCLR-42 and Lactobacillus plantarum BCLP-51, that were derived from feces of healthy dogs and evaluated based on tolerance to low pH and bile acid, antimicrobial activities, enzyme profiles, sensitivity to antibiotics, and innate immune enhancing potentials. Both strains showed survival of more than 90% at pH 3 and 0.2% bile acid and exhibited broad antimicrobial activities against indicator bacteria. Moreover, both strains showed high sensitivity to antibiotics, except vancomycin, metronidazole, and gentamicin. The alkaline phosphatase was negligible (score 0), whereas they showed strong beta galactosidase activity (score range 5 or 3, respectively). The phagocytosis and oxidative burst activities of canine granulocytes were significantly enhanced in response to both strains. These results show that both strains have the capability to act as probiotics and the potential for application as ingredients in dog foods.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; beta-Galactosidase ; Bile ; Dogs* ; Feces ; Gentamicins ; Granulocytes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactobacillus plantarum* ; Lactobacillus reuteri* ; Lactobacillus* ; Metronidazole ; Phagocytosis ; Probiotics* ; Respiratory Burst ; Vancomycin

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-2Oonthe replication of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. When A. actinomycetemcomitam and P. gingivalis were incubated alone and in the combination with L. acidophilus V-20, the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were compared between those cultures. The effect of S. mutans, E. durans, and L. lactis on the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was also evaluated. The change of periodontal indexes(probine depth, gingival index, GCF volume) and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides in subgingival plaque sample were evaluated following gargling of fermented milk made from L. acidophilus V-20 for 1 month on patients with periodontal disease in maintenance phase. In the mixed culture of L. acidophilus V-20 and A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, the replication of A. adinomycetemcomitam or P. gingivalis was completely inhibited. But in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and hydrogen peroxide-nonproducing Lactobacillus casei, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not decreased when compared with the numbers in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and L. acidophilus V-20. In the mixed culture of A. actinomycetemcomitam and S. mutans, E. durans, or L. lactis, the viable cell number of A. adinomycetemcomitans was not almost changed when compared with the numbers in the culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans alone. And in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and E. durans or L. lactis, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not almost changed compared with the counts in the culture of P. gingivalis alone. But the replication of P. gingivalis was completely inhibited in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and S. mutans. When the change of periodontal indexes following gargling of fermented milk was compared with baseline, probing depth and gingival index were not changed, but GCF volume was significantly dcreased(p (0.05). And when the viable cell numbers of microorganisms in subgingival plaque sample were compared with baseline, total viable cell number was almost unchanged and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bdcteroides were significantly decreased(p<0.05). These results suggest that L. acidophilus V-20 inhibit the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Bacteria* ; Bacteroides ; Cell Count ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lactic Acid* ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Lactobacillus casei ; Milk ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Porphyromonas gingivalis

This study was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dog intestine and identify potential probiotic strains for canine use. One hundred and one LAB were isolated from feces of 20 healthy dogs. Acid, bile, and heat resistance along with adherence to Caco-2 cells and antimicrobial activity against pathogens were examined. To analyze immunomodulative effects, the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta was measured using RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, RAW BLUE cells were used to evaluate nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) generation. Ultimately, three strains were selected as canine probiotics and identified as Lactobacillus reuteri L10, Enterococcus faecium S33, and Bifidobacterium longum B3 by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The L10 and S33 strains showed tolerance to pH 2.5 for 2 h, 1.0% Oxgall for 2 h, and 60degrees C for 5 min. These strains also had strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KCTC 1682, Salmonella Enteritidis KCCM 12021, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621, and Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 3569. All three strains exerted better immunomodulatory effects than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a well-known commercial immunomodulatory strain, based on NO, NF-kappaB, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production. These results suggested that the three selected strains could serve as canine probiotics.
Animals ; Bacteria* ; Bifidobacterium ; Bile ; Caco-2 Cells ; Dogs ; Enterococcus faecium ; Escherichia coli ; Feces ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunomodulation ; Intestines ; Lactic Acid* ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Macrophages ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide ; Probiotics* ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Sequence Analysis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Sulfalene ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha