Aims: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have promising applications in the biotechnology industry. As their diversity in soil is largely unexplored, a study was undertaken to collect LAB from the soil, and to characterize the isolates. Methodology and results: Soil samples from around various fruit trees in MARDI were collected for LAB isolation by accumulation/incubation method. The isolates were examined for their morphological and biochemical characteristics, and their 16S rDNA sequences. Morphological and biochemical analysis showed that all isolates are gram positive with different characteristic for each isolates. Further identification were performed and soil samples was found to contain diverse genera and species of LAB, including Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. Selected isolates were tested for resistance against six antibiotics using agar dilution method. Widespread antibiotic resistance among the strains tested was found towards ampicillin, kanamycin, rifampicin and penicillin. Conclusion, significance and impact study: LAB have the ability in producing acid and antimicrobial compound which are useful in various industry. Fastidious characteristics of LAB are among the limitations and challenges in industrial applications. Diversity of lactic acid-producing bacteria was encountered in the soil which may be useful and have different characteristics from LAB isolates elsewhere.
Lactic Acid

Aims: The objective of this research was to isolate and identify lactic acid producing bacteria from soils and tree barks in Thailand. Their acid production was also determined. Methodology and results: Eleven bacterial strains isolated from soils and tree barks were screened for their lactic acid production. They were divided into 4 groups based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Group I (3 isolates) identified as Lactococcus produced L-lactic acid ranged from 72.32 ± 0.707-77.47 ± 0.184 g/L, yield of 0.96 ± 0.011-1.06 ± 0.008 g/g, productivity of 1.00 ± 0.010-1.08 ± 0.003 g/L.h and optical purity was 100%. Group II (3 isolates) identified as Enterococcus hirae, produced L-lactic acid ranged from 31.56 ± 0.424-34.86 ± 0.283 g/L, yield of 1.06 ± 0.008-1.23 ± 0.036 g/g, productivity of 0.44 ± 0.006-0.48 ± 0.004 g/L.h and optical purity was 98.6- 100%. Group III (3 isolates) identified as Bacillus coagulans, produced L-lactic acid ranged from 48.48 ± 0.283-93.51 ± 0.552 g/L, yield of 1.00 ± 0.001-1.07 ± 0.005 g/g, productivity of 0.67 ± 0.004-1.30 ± 0.008 g/L.h and high optical purity of the tested isolate was 99.56%. Group IV (2 isolates) identified as Sporoactobacillus. Only NN2 produced D-lactic acid concentration 87.64 ± 0.375 g/L, yield of 0.83 ± 0.000 g/g, productivity of 1.22 ± 0.005 g/L.h and optical purity was 96.16%. All isolates produced lactic acid when 120 g/L of the initial glucose was used as a substrate. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Lactic acid producing bacteria are isolated from soils and tree barks. The coccal isolates could produce high L-lactic acid concentration with high optical purity while the spore-forming isolates produces L- and D-lactic acid which are useful for food preservation, chemical in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile industries.
Lactic Acid

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lactic Acid*

This study introduced about lactate, metabolism process, values of blood lactate in clinical diagnosis.
Lactic Acid ; blood ; diagnosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Lactic Acid*

Aims: There are many methods of soybean tempeh production as they vary according to the producers. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tempeh was carried out at different stages of the tempeh production to examine the occurrence of LAB and to identify the isolates. Methodology and results: Morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics with the use of API 20 Strep, API 50 CHL kit and 16S rRNA gene sequences were employed to identify LAB. By using API 20 Strep and API 50 CHL kit, fourteen LAB were obtained and twelve isolates have been successfully identified: seven coccus LAB isolates as Enterococcus faecium, four cocci-bacilli as Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides, one bacilli as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii. Meanwhile, two bacilli isolates were categorised as unidentified strain. On the other hand, molecular identification using 27f and 1429r primer had revealed that L. mesenteroides and L. delbrueckii were identified as Leuconostoc lactis and Leuconostoc sp. respectively. Whereas, two previously unidentified bacilli isolates were identified as Alicyclobacillus sp. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: This result shows that various types of LAB was detected at every stages of tempeh production and had been identified by using two different techniques. The unique characteristics of LAB offer their potential towards food and pharmaceutical industry.
Soybeans ; Lactic Acid

No abstract available.
Lactic Acid* ; Prognosis* ; Sepsis*

Aims: Leaf blight disease caused by Pantoea spp. reduces rice yields in numerous nations. However, the exact strategy to combat Pantoea spp. has yet to be determined. Bactronophorus thoracites is a promising source of natural antimicrobial agents due to their potential as a substrate to generate peptides with high antimicrobial activity. This study determined the effects of lactic acid fermentation using Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 as a starter culture on antimicrobial activity against rice pathogens, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles from B. thoracites crude extract. Methodology and results: Bactronophorus thoracites was washed and deshelled to collect the flesh and homogenised at 4 °C before freeze-drying. The freeze-dried samples were fermented with L. casei for 4 to 8 days at 37 °C. The antimicrobial activity, MIC and MBC were determined using a spectrometer. The fermented protein was subjected to proximate and amino acid analyses. The antimicrobial activity of fermented B. thoracites protein (FBTP) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the increased fermentation days (from 4 to 8 days). The antimicrobial activity was also increased when the glucose concentration increased from 2% to 3%. However, raising the glucose concentration to 4% decreased the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased when the substratewater (S/W) ratio increased from 0.84% to 0.96%. The FBTP (4 days, 3% glucose concentration and 0.96% S/W ratio) showed high antimicrobial activity against Pantoea ananatis and P. stewartii. The MIC and MBC values for FBTP were 500 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL against P. ananatis and P. stewartii. The zones of inhibition value for FBTP were 16.0 ± 0.5 mm (1000 μg/mL) and 9.33 ± 0.57 mm (500 μg/mL) for P. ananatis, and 11.7 ± 0.61 mm (1000 μg/mL), 9.33 ± 0.58 mm (500 μg/mL) and 7.17 ± 0.77 mm (250 μg/mL) for P. stewartii. The proximate composition and amino acid profiles of the freeze-dried protein hydrolysate powder were characterised. FBTP produced a higher value of protein (61.56%) and ash (32.38%) and a lower value of total fat (0.273%) and carbohydrates (6.27%) than the B. thoracites crude extract. Total amino acid content was 39.480 g/100 g in B. thoracites crude extract and 155.442 g/100 g in FBTP. The essential amino acid glutamine was the most abundant in B. thoracites crude extract and methionine in FBTP. Conclusion, significance and impact of study This study showed that lactic acid fermentation could produce FBTP using L. casei with improved functional characteristics and as a source of a natural antimicrobial agent against rice pathogens.
Lactic Acid ; Anti-Infective Agents

Background: Verruca vulgaris are scaly, rough papules or nodules caused by the human papilloma virus. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of topical zinc oxide ointment versus topical salicylic acid + lactic acid ointment as treatment among patients with verruca vulgaris. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, 6-week study involved 29 patients with verruca vulgaris in a tertiary center who received zinc oxide 20% ointment or salicylic acid 15% + lactic acid 15% ointment applied daily and occluded with LeukoplastTM tape. Evaluation was done every two weeks. Results: There was significant decrease in number of warts in the zinc oxide group (p=0.004), while it was not significant in the salicylic acid+lactic acid group (p=0.392). Comparison between the two groups was not significant (p>0.05). Both zinc oxide (P=0.000) and salicylic acid+lactic acid groups (P=0.025) had significant decrease in size of warts from baseline to 6th week of observation. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of adverse events such as erythema (P>0.05), edema (P>0.05), tenderness (P>0.05), and scaling (P>0.05); however, itching was significantly higher at 4th week in the salicylic acid+lactic acid group B (16.7%). Among the zinc oxide group, 100% would recommend the treatment, while only 71.4% would recommend salicylic acid+lactic acid. The satisfaction levels of zinc oxide group were also statistically higher than salicylic acid+lactic acid group (p=0.000). Conclusion Zinc oxide 20% ointment is a safe and effective option for the treatment of verruca vulgaris especially among patients that would prefer non-traumatic measures in the removal of their warts.
Zinc Oxide ; Salicylic Acid ; Lactic Acid

Background: Common warts are a common malady among patients. Not only does it affect the person physically but also mentally and socially. Several treatment modalities are available; however, the major concerns are the treatment cost and adverse effect profile. Salicylic + lactic acid (SLA) solution is one of the standard treatment modalities owing to its strong keratolytic properties; however, its cost and adverse effects limit its use among patients. A cost-effective and safe alternative treatment is ideal to bring about a more favorable clinical outcome and better patient satisfaction. 100% tea tree oil (TTO) solution was used in this study due to its natural antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: The study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of 100% TTO versus SLA solution in the treatment of common warts. Methods: A total of 17 patients with a total of 74 warts were included in the study. Each wart was assigned to either of the two treatment groups. the SLA group and the 100% TTO group. A treatment period of 6 weeks was used to assess the effectiveness of both treatment groups. Results: The study showed no significant difference between the SLA solution and 100% TTO in the treatment of common warts. The 100% tea tree group reported lesser adverse effects. Both treatment groups reported favorable treatment satisfaction. Conclusion 100% TTO is a potentially safe and cost-effective alternative in the treatment of common warts.
Lactic Acid ; Salicylic Acid ; Tea Tree Oil