Primary aldosteronism(PA) is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension,plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC)/plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio is widely used in clinical practice.However,PRA reflects the level of plasma renin indirectly.In recent years,plasma renin concentration (PRC) has been measured by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay,which is more stable,convenient and with less confounding factors than conventional renin activity.This review briefly introduces methods of examining PRA,PRC and PAC,and compares the value of PAC/PRC ratio with PAC/PRA ratio in PA detection.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of labor analgesia and the outcome of maternals and neonatals by applying the vitamin B6- folic acid mixture to combined with spinal-epidural analgesia(CSEA) in nulliparous women at latency.MethodsAll the 112 full-term nulliparous parturients were selected and divided into the treated group and controlled group.Nulliparous women in two groups received CSEA,with which the additional vitamin - folic acid mixture was used only in treatment group.The contrast between the analgesic effect in groups,and alalgesic effect-acting period,fentanyl Apgar score and newborn usage were compared between groups also.ResultsThe analgesic effect-acting period and fentanyl dosage in the treated group were significantly decreased.There was significant difference between the 2 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsIt could be effective applying vitamin B6- folic acid mixture at latency in nulliparous women based on CSEA,which could shorten the lumbar hemp effect-acting period and reduce fentanyl narcotic drugs dosage.

This study was aimed to analyze the formulas and classify the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by Dr. Huang Chunlin based on the data mining method. A total of 63 CKD outpatients' medical records by Dr. Huang were collected. And 226 formulas prescribed in the medical records were put in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS). Data mining techniques were applied in the study of as-sociation rule mining algorithm and complex system entropy cluster, the usage frequency and the correlation of each single Chinese medicinal in order to sort out the prescription pattern of CKD. The results showed that to for-tify the spleen and tonify the kidney were found to be the basic method of CKD treatment . Through the applica-tion of TCMISS, the Chinese medicinals used in Dr. Huang's CKD treatment were Astragalus root, Eucommia, Epimedium, Cuscuta, Agastache, Danshen Root, Ligustrum. It was concluded that the TCMISS is of great value in the summarization of clinical experiences of well-known TCM doctors.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of monitoring noninvasive intracranial pressure (NICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in treatment of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods This clinical randomized controlled trial enrolled 120 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who had sought medical treatment in our department from June 2008 through May 2010. They were randomized equally into a monitoring group where NICP and CPP were continuously monitored before and after operation and a non-monitoring group where no monitoring of NICP and CPP was performed. Results In the monitoring group,increased NICP and decreased CPP were shown in 50 patients and only 10 patients were shown with normal NICP (＜26.6mmHg) and CPP (＞ 124.3 mm Hg). The abnormal NICP and CPP continuously monitored were treated with specific interventions like further operation or medication. In the non-monitoring group,patients received only conventional treatments.According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), 31 patients (51.7％) had good recovery,20 (33.3％) were moderately disabled,5 (8.3％) severely disabled and 4 (6.7％) dead in the monitoring group while 23 (38.3％) patients had good recovery,18 (30.0％)were moderately disabled,10 (16.7％) severely disabled and 9 (15.0％) dead in the non-monitoring group.The outcomes of the monitoring group were significantly better than those of the non-monitoring group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Continuous monitoring of NICP and CPP before and after operation should be performed in the treatment of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage because it is helpful for clinical medication and reducing complications and mortality as well.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the problem-based learning (PBL)-case-based learning (CBL) integrated teaching model in the training of clinical professional postgraduates on rotation in endocrinology.Methods:A total of 80 clinical professional postgraduates on rotation in endocrinology were randomly divided into experimental group (using PBL-CBL integrated teaching) and control group (using traditional teaching), with 40 students in each group, and the rotation period was 3 months. Professional examination scores were recorded for the two groups at the time of enrollment and graduation, and a questionnaire survey was performed to investigate their self-confidence, learning initiative, and interpersonal skills. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:The two groups had similar conditions at baseline. After three months of rotation, the experimental group showed significant improvements in department examination scores, self-confidence, learning initiative, and interpersonal skills ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The PBL-CBL integrated teaching model has a better effect than traditional teaching and can help to improve the learning ability and performance of clinical professional postgraduates on rotation in endocrinology, and therefore, it holds promise for further application.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the technique that take the advantages of flow cytometry combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (Flow-FISH) to identify the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infected lymphocyte subtypies in patients' peripheral blood sample. METHODS: Peripheral Blood monocyte from 9 patients with EBV infection enrolled at Children's Hospital in Chongqing Medical University were isolated by Ficoll-paque centrifugal separation. The expressions of EBER1, EBER2 in cell were detected by qRT-PCR. The surface markers of cell were detected by Flow cytometry after staining with their antibodies. The cell was treated Fix-Permeabilization Buffer before hybridization with fluorescent labeled probe at 37 ℃ overnight. The cell status, surface markers and targeted mRNA are detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: It was optimized that the Fix-Permeabilization Buffer and recipe with 0.2% Tween-20 were picked out as providing a good cell integrity and high resolution of surface markers. Hybridization with 20% formamide and 7% dextran sulfate at 37 ℃ overnight is the optimal hybridization condition as a good hybridization effect, a detectable cell integrity and a high resolution of cell markers under flow cytometry detection. Finally, upon the established Flow-FISH method, lymphocyte subpopulations of the EBV⁺ cells from cell lines and blood samples of patients were identified successfully. CONCLUSION A Flow-FISH technology is established, which can be applied in the identification of EBV infected cell subtypes. This research provides a foundmental for its application in clinical test in EBV⁺ related proliferative diseases.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Flow Cytometry/methods* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods* ; Lymphocyte Subsets

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of RAS protein on the progression of the T-ALL cell lines in vitro. METHODS: The DNA of the T-ALL cells was purified then amplified the coding regions of three RAS genes (KRAS, NRAS, HRAS) by PCR reaction. After T-A cloning, the coding regions of KRAS, NRAS and HRAS were sequenced by Sanger Sequencing. The siRNA oligonucleotides were cloned into the pSEH-361 vector, which were then packaged into retroviral together with pAMPHO and pVSVG in the HEK-293T cells. The T-ALL cells were infected with the retrovirus. The gene expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The T-ALL cells were stained with Annexin V-PE/7-AAD and the apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. The T-ALL cells were stained with Hoechst 33258, and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cleaved-Caspase 3 was stained with antibody and observed with fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: For RAS genes, beside the Loucy and the P12-ICH cells harbored KRAS c.6187G>A (p.KRAS^G12D) homozygous mutant, no missense mutation of RAS was found in other T-ALL cells genome. The pan RAS inhibitor compound 3144 showed toxicity to all tested T-ALL cells, except PEER (IC₅₀=47.916 μmol/L). Similarly, Tipifarnib induced apoptosis of multiple T-ALL cell lines except for the PEER cells (IC₅₀=94.2265 μmol/L). After KRAS knock-down, the T-ALL cells showed significant apoptosis and an arrested cell cycle. CONCLUSION The KRAS protein is vital for the progression of the T-ALL cells in vitro, it is a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL patients.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics*