Oxidative stress could destroy the structures and functions of many biological molecules (such as nucleic acids,proteins,lipids) and undermine many physiological activities,such as gene expression regulation,cell signal transduction,substance uptake and intracellular transport,thus leading to many tissue and organ pathological damages. Carnosic acid,rich in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.),could retard or prevent oxidative stress by activating the cellular antioxidant system (such as Nrf2-Keap1,Sirt1 signaling pathway) or inhibiting pro-oxidant signaling pathways (such as NF-κB,AGEs,etc.) to scavenge reactive oxygen species. It exhibits favorable effects on the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases involving nervous system,retina,cardiovascular,liver,etc. The modulation mechanisms of carnosic acid on these diseases are summarized in this review,which shall provide a reference for promoting the clinical applications of carnosic acid.

Long-term consumption of olive oil helps reduce the risks of developing a series of diseases including cardiovascular disease, nervous system disease, cancer, etc. The minor compounds of olive oil, especially the star molecule--hydroxytyrosol, play an important role in these beneficial effects on human health. As a polyphenolic compound, hydroxytyrosol not only act as antioxidant and scavenge oxidizing substances directly, but also inhibit oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2 antioxidant system. Thus, hydroxytyrosol has great potential in the prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases. This review focuses mainly on recent progresses in pharmacological effects of hydroxytyrosol on nervous system disease, angiocardiopathy, metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the drug resistance of Candida isolated from patients' specimen in clinic.METHODS The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) test to 243 Candida strains was performed using ATB-Fungus drug susceptibity plate provided by Bio-Merieux.RESULTS The most popular species of Candida in clinic was Candida albicans(64.6%),C.glabrata(14.4%),C.tropicalis(11.1%),C.parapsilosis(5.8%)and C.krusei(4.1%).There was a certain resistance to the 4 kinds of common antifungals including flucytosine,amphotericin B,fluconazole and itraconazole.The resistance status of C.krusei was the most serious,Its resistance rate to 4 kinds of antifungals was 20.0%,50.0%,30.0% and 40.0%,respectively.The drug resistance rate of 5 species of Candida to itraconazole was higher than that to fluconazole.CONCLUSIONS The commonly encountered Candida produce particular resistance to common antifungals,and it is very necessary to detect and control them.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of related resistance genes of chloramphenicol and tetracycline in Pseudomonas aeruqinosa isolates.METHODS The antibiotics susceptibility was tested by K-B method,catB cmlA,tetA tetB and smr-2 were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the gene cmlA was sequenced by PCR fluorescence spectrophotometry.RESULTS The drug-resistant rates of 20 strains of P.aeruginosa against 17 kinds of antibiotics ranged from 10.0% to 100.0%,and multidrug resistant strains were found.The gene of cmlA had been detected in 6 strains of 15 resistant P.aeruginosa isolates,but the genes of tetA,tetB and smr had not been detected.The cml was sequenced,and compared with GenBank,the result showed the gene fragment shared 99.0% homology in nucleotides with the GenBank sequences of cmlA7 and cmlA8.CONCLUSIONS Resistance to antibiotics in P.aeruginosa of our hospital is mainly related to cmlA.The resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was not related to tetA,tetB and smr-2.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of 16S rRNA methylase and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in continuous isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE).METHODS The antibiotics susceptibility was tested by K-B method,the 16S rRNA methylase(rmtB) and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the positive genes were amplified and sequenced by PCR fluorescence spectrophotometry.RESULTS Among 20 strains of PAE,the 16S rRNA methylase and 5 kinds of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes had been detected.The 5 kinds of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes were aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ and ant(2″)-Ⅰ,respectively.And more,the rmtB in the first and third strains was sequenced,and translated into amino acid,and the translated amino acid sequence was compared with GenBank,suggesting there be different amino acid sequence.This was confirmed as two new subtypes.CONCLUSIONS Resistant to antibiotics PAE in our hospital is mainly related to 16S rRNA methylase and 5 aminoglycoside modifying enzymes,and 2 new subtypes of 16S rRNA methylase are discovered.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of ?-lactamase and drug resistant gene mediated by transposon and integron in continuous isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.METHODS The antibiotics susceptibility was tested by K-B method;the ?-lactamase and the outer membrane protein gene oprD2 were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR);the genotype of merA encoding Tn21/Tn501 type trandsposon and qacE?1-suI1 encoding Ⅰ type integron was detected by PCR and the positive genes were amplified and sequenced by PCR fluorescence spectrophotometry.RESULTS The TEM type,OXA-2,OXA-10 and CARB of ?-lactamase genes had been detected in 20 strains of P.aeruginosa,but plasmid-mediated ampC enzyme and metallo-?-lactamase had not been detected,the gene oprD2 encoding porins was not detected.The gene merA was detected in 7 strains(35.0%),and the qacE?-sul1 had been detected in 10 strains(50.0%).The gene OXA-2 in the isolate No.2 was sequenced,and translated into amino acid,and the translated amino acid sequence was compared with GenBank,the results indicated that amino acid sequence of OXA in the isolate No.2 was simlar to that in GenBank,exsited 2 different amino acid sequences,so was confirmed as a new subtype.CONCLUSIONS Resistance to ?-lactamase compounds in P.aeruginosa of our hospital is related to TEM,OXA and CARB genes,and integron and transposon contribute to the drug resistance and multidrug resistance in P.aeruginosa.

Silent mating type information regulator 2-related enzymes or sirtuin family proteins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

Objective To investigate the status about non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and the effect on quality of life. Methods 50 PD patients and 50 normal controls were investigated with the NMS questionnaire and the Healthy Survey short form (SF-36), and analysed with Spearman correlation. Results 98% of PD patients presented NMS, and recent memory loss, restless legs,constipation were the most frequent. All the NMS were more frequent than in the controls (P<0.05) except sexual desire, sexual difficulties and nausea or vomiting. All the dimensions of SF-36 were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). The symptoms of constipation,decline in recent memory, decreased attention, restless legs and sleep disorders correlated with the scores of SF-36 (P<0.05). Conclusion NMS is common in PD patients, and impacts their quality of life.

Due to their high catalytic activity and substrate specificity, enzymes have broad applications in commodity chemistry, medicine, food manufacturing, pollution prevention and control, etc. However, their actual applications are compromised by disadvantages such as difficulty to separate and purify, high cost and poor stability. It is of great significance to explore artificial substitutes for enzymes. Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were reported to have peroxidase-like activity by Dr. Xiyun Yan for the first time in 2007. Since then the researches about nanomaterials with catalytic activities have emerged in large numbers. In addition to peroxidase-like activities, nanomaterials also possessed many enzyme-like catalytic activities such as oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities are usually referred as nanozymes. As an alternative to natural enzymes, nanozymes possess characteristics such as low costs, easy mass production, high stability and adjustable activity. Those nanozyme characteristics have broad applications in environmental monitoring and management, disease diagnosis and treatment, food safety control, etc. However, low catalytic efficiency and specificity limit further applications of nanozymes. Therefore, enhancing the catalytic activities and selectivity of nanozymes will promote their applications. The catalytic activity of nanozymes can be regulated by changes in nanomaterials (size, morphology and surface modification) and catalytic reaction conditions (temperature, pH, accelerators, light irradiation, etc.), mixing of different nanomaterials, nanomaterial hybridization, and so on. The most widely used catalytic activity of nanozymes is peroxidase-like activity. This review summarizes the strategies to enhance peroxidase-like activities of nanomaterials, mainly focuses on catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity. It is expected that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the strategies to enhance the enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials.

[摘 要] 目的：根据胃癌患者术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值（LMR）的表达水平构建炎症反应评分（IRS）系统，分析IRS对胃癌患者术后预后的影响并构建列线图预测模型。方法: 选取2016年1月至2020年1月宜春市人民医院普外科收治的211例胃癌患者的临床资料，根据随访成功的198例患者术后3年生存状态分为死亡组（n=93）和生存组（n=105）。比较两组患者的一般临床资料，多因素COX回归风险模型分析影响胃癌患者预后的独立风险因素，R语言rms包构建列线图预测模型。结果: 两组胃癌患者肿瘤最大直径、病理分期、T分期、分化程度、神经侵犯、脉管侵犯、NLR、PLR、LMR比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。依据NLP、PLR、LMR-IRS（NPL-IRS）构建标准，不同分值的胃癌患者OS率表现出一定的等级趋势差异（χ2=61.129，P<0.01）。病理分期Ⅲ期、分化程度低、脉管侵犯、NPL-IRS>1分是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。决策曲线分析显示，风险阈值>0.16时，此预测模型可以提供显著额外的临床净收益。结论: 基于病理分期Ⅲ期、分化程度低、脉管侵犯、NPL-IRS>1分构建的列线图预测模型可以为胃癌患者预后评估提供重要的策略指导。