Objective: To analyze the association of study weariness with self compassion and problem behaviors among left behind adolescents, and to explore the moderating role of self compassion in this association. Methods: By using convenient sampling method, 1 285 middle school students from two ordinary middle schools in a county of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province were selected, including 895 left behind adolescents. Study weariness, self compassion and problem behavior were assessed through questionnaire survey. Results: The scores of self compassion and externalizing behaviors in boys were higher than that of girls, while the scores of internalizing behaviors of girls were higher than that of boys ( t =2.13, 1.98, -2.05, P <0.05); the scores of study weariness and internalizing behaviors among left behind adolescents were higher than those of non left behind adolescents, while the scores of self compassion of nonleft behind adolescents were higher than those of left behind adolescents ( t =2.01, 2.08, -1.99, P <0.05). The scores of externalizing behaviors among only one child and junior high school students were higher than that of non only one children and high school students, while the scores of internalization problem behaviors of high school students were higher than that of junior high school students ( t =1.95, 2.03, -2.02, P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between study weariness and problem behavior ( t =0.37， P <0.01), a negative correlation between self compassion and problem behavior ( t =-0.49， P < 0.01 ), and between study weariness and self compassin ( t =-0.46， P <0.01). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between study weariness and behaviral problems among left behind teenagers. The cultivation of self compassion ability of left behind teenagers should be encouraged and promoted.