An ever increasing number of drugs directed as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibi-tor (EGFR-TKI) bring a new revolution for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy, and many large scales of studies show that only people with EGFR-sensitive mutation can benefit from these drugs. The main method of EGFR mutation detection is to analyze the DNA sequence of EGFR, which can be the lung cancer tissue, pleural fluid tumor cells, circulating tumor cells and peripheral blood free DNA obtained by surgery or puncture, the biggest drawback is that the heterogeneity of EGFR muta-tion cannot be analyzed. However, with the development of molecular imaging, the development of EGFR-targeted molecular probes based on positron emission computed tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has made it possible to reveal the EGFR mutations in lung cancer tissues in vivo, and can detect the heterogeneity of EGFR mutations. This article reviews all the results and progress of molecular probes targeting EGFR mutations.