Objective To reveal the rule of TCM syndromes of postoperative patients with cancerous goi-ter and to provide clinical evidence for TCM treatment on the patients.Methods Based on the literature search and TCM standard of syndromes, Questionnaire of TCM Syndromes of Patients with Cancerous Goi-ter was established.A cross-sectional study of TCM syndromes was performed on 183 postoperative pa-tients with cancerous goiter.Results Altogether four TCM syndromes existed in 183 patients.The ratio of syndrome of deficiency of both vital qi and yin was 34 .43%( n=63 ) , that of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi was 26.23%(n=48), that of syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis was 24.59%(n=45) and that of syndrome of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney was 14.75%(n=27).Further-more, distribution of TCM syndrome types showed no statistically differences(P<0.05) among ages and disease courses.Conclusion The rule of distribution of TCM syndromes in postoperative patients with cancerous goiter would guide the syndrome differentiation and treatment.