1.Syzygium polyanthum Protects Against Hypertensive Induced Kidney Damage in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Model (Perlindungan Syzygium Polyanthum terhadap Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Aruhan Hipertensi dalam Model Tikus Berhipertensi Spontan
LIZA NOORDIN ; NURUL SYAHIDA RAMLI ; NOR HIDAYAH ABU BAKAR ; WAN AMIR NIZAM WAN AHMAD
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2021;19(No.1):67-80
Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive agent. However, the nephroprotective effects of S.
polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease has yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to
determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the
spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical
screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and
ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group);
Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and
2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Losartan and AESP were
administered by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics,
flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP
normalised systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and significantly improved renal function (p<0.05). AESP also significantly
reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared
to untreated-SHR group (p<0.05). Ultrastructure of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively,
S. polyanthum is potential to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.
2.Sleep Deprivation Models in Rodents (Model Kekurangan Tidur dalam Roden)
NUR SYAFIQAH MOHMED NOR ; AFIFAH NAWI ; WAN AMIR NIZAM WAN AHMAD ; LIZA NOORDIN
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2021;19(No.2):29-38
Sleep deprivation has been identified as a risk factor for various diseases. The number of patients suffering from sleep
deprivation is increasing daily. Therefore, the risk to develop various diseases, including cardiovascular disease is
increasing. However, there is a limitation to elucidate the pathophysiological changes following sleep deprivation in
humans. Thus, the need arises for sleep deprivation models using animals, which will serve the purpose of understanding
the disease in a better way. Several techniques have been developed to model sleep deprivation in animals, including
inverted flowerpot and multiple platforms techniques. Genetic and environmental factors, costs, infrastructure and
animal life spans are some of the factors that need to be considered when selecting a particular model. Furthermore,
when studying sleep deprivation, tissue samples, such as peripheral blood, brain samples and aorta are used to elucidate
the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. Currently, more than ninety percent of all laboratory animal
experiments are performed in rats and mice. This review article focuses on models of sleep deprivation in Rodents,
which are generally used in research laboratories. The article also tries to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages
of each technique discussed, guides the sleep deprivation model and helps researchers to decide on a specific model for
their purpose.