Objective:To discuss the situation and the rationality of antibiotics use in general surgery during perioperative period.Method:311 cases of patients used antibiotics during Perioperative period was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Antibiotics was used in 308 patients.Of all antibiotics used,202 patients received antibiotics in two hours before the operation.Quinolones were used most frequently,nitroimidazoles were the second,then were cephalosporins.64.3% of patients received single antibiotics treatment,and 37.4% and 1.0% of all patients received 2 and 3 kinds of antibiotics combined therapy respectively.24.4% of the patients were treated with antibiotics formore than 7 days.Conclusions:It is common that antibiotics are used to prophylacte surgical infection in general surgery.It is important to strengthen the management of antibiotics use during perioperative period.

The procedure of geriatric rehabilitation should consist of function assessment and treatment.Geriatric function assessment covers three levels:impairment,activity limitation and participation restriction.The most important goals of geriatric rehabilitation are to improve the older patients' activity of daily living,keep their independence,and finally to improve their quality of live.

The significance and principles of comprehensive evaluation system which is configurated for large medical equipment were discussed in this paper.Through literature analysis and Delphi method and questionnaire,comprehensive evaluation index and the corresponding weights were fixed.And the comprehensive evaluation system was designed in order to provide guidance for investment decision-making and scientific management.The data of the comprehensive evaluation system should be improved and perfect in practice.

Aim To study the protection of tetrandrine(Tet) from the excitotoxicity of quinolinic acid(QA) on the cultured hippocampal neurons of new-borne rats.Method Excitoxocity injury was induced by QA in cultured hippocampal neurons.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, extracellular LDH contents were also measured and the pathomorphology of neurons was observed. Result Tet with 10 -6 mol?L -1 and 10 -7 mol?L -1 could significantly blunt the death of the primary hippocampal neurons induced by QA,prevent leakage of LDH and improve the pathomorphology of neurons. Conclusion Tet (10 -6 mol?L -1 and 10 -7 mol?L -1)provids protection on QA induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons of new-borne rats.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of and critically ill patients received comprehensive nursing interventions during mechanical ventilation effect value. Methods:Ninety eight patients were selected in 2012 July~2013 year in July in our hospital, were treated with mechanical ventilation, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 49 cases in each group, the control group using ICU routine care, the observation group in the control group on the basis of comprehensive nursing intervention, observation and nursing effect of the two groups. Results:The group of patients with mechanical ventilation time, hospitalization time was shorter than the control group, comparing the data between the groups, the difference was statistically significant(t=8.3678, t=5.9103; P<0.05). The observation group patients with unplanned estuation, ventilator-associated pneumonia was lower than the control group, the mortality rate was lower than the control group, comparing the data between the groups, the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.0178, x2=10.2424, x2=5.9905;P<0.05). Conclusion:in critically ill patients were given comprehensive nursing intervention can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in patients with mechanical ventilation, to reduce the unplanned extubation and ventilator-associated pneumonia, reduce mortality, it is worth promoting in clinical use.

BACKGROUND: Compared with ordinary preparation, nano-drug carriers have the advantages of prolonged drug effects, increased therapeutic effects and small toxicity. However, reports concerning the application of nanoparticles, nano-liposomes, polymer micelles, nano-smart drug, polymer nano-body medicine, Dendrimers and other nanoscale drug carriers are few. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics, types and preparation methods of nano-drug carriers, and to elucidate its research progress. METHODS: The Medline database was searched by computer with key words of "Nano-drug carriers, nanoparticles,nano-liposomes, clinical application" to find literatures published between January 1991 to December 2009, and the language was limited to English. Simultaneously, articles published from January 1994 to December 2009 were searched in Chinese Journal Full-text database with the same key words,and thelanguage was limited to Chinese.Inclusion criteria: ①Articles are closely related to the research of nano-drug carrier. ②Related researches published on core journals in the lates years were preferential in selection.Exclusion criteria: ①Repeatability study. ②Meta analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 360 documents were seized by primary screen, finally 28 sub-standard literatures entered further analysis, including 25 reviews and 3 clinical or basic experiments. The nano-drug carriers are characterized by specificity, targeting, accurate and absorbable, which can be used in preventing and curing disease. The combination of nano carriers and specific drugs can promote the development of nano-biotechnology, and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Professor LiU Tong-hua emphasizes on body constitution be combined to perform syndrome differentiation when diagnosing and treating diabetic nephropathy.Besides,he insists prevention,early detection,early treatmenL diet regulation and exercise therapy shouId also be paid attention.Professor Liu USeS traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine to delay the progress of this diseasc and achieve obvious tllerapeutic effects.

Objective:To analyze the participation of clinical pharmacist in the process of diagnose and treatment of typical critical patients and summarize the clinical and pharmaceutical thoughts of clinical pharmacist in pharmaceutical care in order to provide better service for clinics .Methods:Through the participation of clinical pharmacist in the process of diagnose and treatment of one patient with hypernatronemia complicated with demyelination after liver abscess drainage , and combined with the results of laboratory tests and imaging examination and drug treatment regimen , clinical pharmacists analyzed the radical causes of apostasies and feasible therapeutic measures, and then provided the reasonable suggestions for the medication .Results: Clinical pharmacist paid close attention to the medication history and disease evolution of the patient , assessed the therapeutic efficacy timely , communicated and discussed with clin-ical doctors actively , and then made out individualized treatment schedule for the patient , which obtained promising effects .Conclu-sion:Clinical pharmacist should grasp the principal contradictions and pay attention to details , which can play an important role in the treatment course of severe patients .

Objective To investigate the function of entecavir to γ‐interferon induced monokine(Mig) for chronic hepatitis B pa‐tients .Methods The 40 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients were treated with entecavir tablet .The Mig level were detected by ELISA in 40 patients in the time before and after treatment of 12 weeks and 24 weeks ;HBsAg ,HBeAg level were analyzed by using electrochemiluminescence and HBV‐DNA was tested by using real‐time quantitative PCR (FQ‐PCR) .Results Mig and HBsAg , HBeAg ,HBV DNA levels were significantly lower than before treatment in the 40 patients(P< 0 .05) .Compared with those in the time of 12 weeks after treatment ,those indexes after treatment 24 weeks were significantly decreased(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Ente‐cavir treatment can reduce the level of Mig ,HBsAg and HBeAg ,HBV DNA ,and help to control disease progression in chronic hep‐atitis B .

The Author discussed some concerns and detailed thoughts that have been integrated into 8-year medical training program by using problem-based learning(PBL)method in the Biochemistry teaching.PBL is an effective method in stimulating the enthusiasm of learning,fostering the ability of problem-asking and-solving,and thus a worthwhile approach to be further carried out in high-level medical education of China.