Objective To prepare high-quality refined and depolymerized capsular polysaccharide(CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae for preparation of polysaccharide vaccine and polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Methods Refined CPS of type 6A was prepared by acid precipitation method from the inactivated fermentation broth of type 6A Streptococcus pneumoniae,and the final concentration of CaCl_2(80,160,240,320 mmol/L) and pH(2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0) were optimized.Three batches of type 6A refined CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and the applicability of the method to polysaccharides of 5,7F,10A and 19F types was verified.After removing impurities from the inactivated broth of type 6 A Streptococcus pneumoniae by acid precipitation,the type 6 A depolymerized CPS was prepared by trifluoroacetic acid method,and the reaction temperature(8,25 and 40℃),the final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid(0.25,0.50,1.00 mol/L) and the reaction time(1,3,6 h) were optimized.Three batches of depolymerized CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and compared with the high-pressure homogenization method,and then the applicability of trifluoroacetic acid method to depolymerized CPSs of 5,10A and 19F types was verified.The quality of refined and depolymerized CPSs was tested according to the methods specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition).Results The optimum final concentration of CaCl_2 and pH of acid precipitation method were 160 mmol/L and 3.0 respectively.The prepared type 6A,5,7F,10A and 19F refined CPSs were all qualified.The optimum reaction temperature,reaction time and final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid were 25℃,3 h and 0.50 mol/L for trifluoroacetic acid method.The prepared type 6A,5,10A and 19F depolymerized CPSs were all qualified.Conclusion The refined and depolymerized CPSs of Streptococcus pneumoniae prepared in this study meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition),and the preparation process is suitable for the preparation of various types of polysaccharides.

C.Conclusion: The drug releasing rate of Icariin Ointment made of emulsion ointment base is the fastest.

There exists different view in the goal of investigative study.Based on the self-fulfilling cycles of self-regulated learning,the author of the article puts forward that developing the ability of self-regulated learning by doing investigative study according to each phase characteristic of self-regulated learning is one of the important goals of investigative study.

The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

With the deepening of the study on traditional Chinese medicinal quality and the rising requirements of TCM quality control, the demand of setting TCM quality were emphasized,as well as higher education course. Surrounding the purpose of exploring the related issues of the traditional Chinesemedicinal courses setting and promoting the college curriculum innovation capability,the paper mainly discussed the course open orientation, the teaching characteristics, objectives, idea, the core content and the training scheme, as well as the plan of course and teaching material construction depended on these contents.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTDOT) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods COPD patients were randomly divided into LTDOT group and control group,LTDOT group received LTDOT on basis of conventional therapy,and control group only received conventional thempy.The lung function,blood gas analysis was detectedand quality of life in paracmasis before and after treatment was evaluted.Results After two years, FEV1[(1.42±0.42)L],PaO2[(80.0±2.6)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa]in LTDOT group were obviously higher than those in control group[(0.72±0.38)L,(55.0±2.2)mm Hg],there were significant differences between two groups(P<0.01).FVC,PaCO2 in two groups were no significant difference(P>0.05).Quality of life in LTDOT group was better than that in control group,average emergency frequency[(2.3±1.2)times] and hospital day[(16.0±2.4)d]in LTDOT group were obviously decwatsed than those in control group [(5.2±1.3)times,(36.0±2.2)d](P<0.01).Conclusion For the patients with COPD paracmasis, LTDOT can increase FEVI,PaO2,elevate quality of life and decrease average emergency frequency and hospital day.

Objective To study the tooth whitening effect of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as a photosensitive drug combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the influence on the surface of the enamel.Methods After oxidation of hydrogen peroxide or BODIPY by photodynamic therapy,the extracted teeth were evaluated by Vita shade guides matching.The change of surface enamel on the crystals and microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results The teeth treated with BODIPY by PDT were smooth and whitened with the remineralization of teeth surface in morphology.While the teeth treated with hydrogen peroxide were whitened obviously but the surface morphology of the teeth was demineralized seriously.Conclusion The results suggest that PDT is effective for teeth whitening and can promote the remineralization of teeth surface enamel with BODIPY as a photosensitive drug.PDT is expected to become a new method for tooth whitening.

Objective To study the significance of Wnt5a gene expression in gastric carcinoma (GC). Methods The Wnt5a mRNA expressions in SGC7901 cell line and normal gastric mucosa GES-1 cell line were detected by RT-PCR. The Wnt5a protein expressions in 60 GC and 30 matched tumor-adjacent normal tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-peroxidase method.χ2 test was used to analyze Wnt5a expression on the clinical pathologic features of gastric carcinoma. Results Both Wnt5a mRNA and Wnt5a protein were significantly higher in SGC7901 cells than those in GES-1 cells. The positive rate of Wnt5a protein expression was also significantly higher in GC than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Positive expression of Wnt5a was associated with higher degree of regional lymph node metastasis and the later TNM stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher expression of Wnt5a seems to promote invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and Wnt5a might play an oncogene-like role in the development of gastric carcinoma.

to observe the clinical effects of warm needling on rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:Patients with rheumatoid were treated with warming needling on the major acupoints of Guanyuan(CV 4),Qihai(CV 6),Zusanli(ST 36),Ganshu(BL 18),Shenshu(BL 23) and Pishu(BL 20),in combination with local acupoints and acupoints on the related meridians,meanwhile,other patients were treated with single needling as control. The patients' joint pain,tenderness,swelling,dysfunction index,gripping force,morning stiffness,walking time of 20 meters,rheumatoid factor,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C response protein,IgG,IgA,and IgM were measured before and after treatments.Results:Warm needling could improve the rheumatoid arthritis patients' symptoms,and had an effective rate of 86.2%,while the single needling had an effective rate of 57.1%(P＜0.01). And the therapeutic effects were related to the disease duration and condition. Conclusion:Warm needling has a better clinical effects on rheumatoid arthritis than the single needling,with obvious functions of anti-inflammation,relieving pain and regulating immunity.

Objective To report successful nursing experience of cardiac arrest caused by amniotic fluid embolism.Methods 3 pregnant women with cardiac arrest caused by amniotic fluid embolism from January to August 2012 were successfully rescued,the nursing measures included observation of labor course,mechanical ventilation,rapid establishment of intravenous injection route,anti-shock and prevention of DIC and renal failure.Results 3 cases of pregnant women were given timely rescue and pulled through.All rehabilitated and were discharged.Conclusions Amniotic fluid embolism is the most serious,dramatic,and the most difficult to control complications in obstetric department.Prevention is the key for amniotic fluid embolism,once happened,medical workers should carry out rescue work calmly and implement effective interventions.