Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is gaining extensive attention in recent years because of the high incidence. But because of the complex symptoms and signs, there exist no diagnostic consensus. In this paper, the available objective diagnostic methods so far are reviewed, in the purpose of discussing the approach of objective and accurate diagnosis of LPR.
Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; diagnosis

There are many causes of proteinuria in children.Because proteinuria is mainly caused by glomerular diseases,renal tubulopathies are often ignored.Dent's disease is an hereditary renal tubulopathy characterized by low-molecular-weigh proteinuria,hypercalciuria,nephrocalcinosis,nephrolithiasis,and progressive renal failure.Dent's disease is mainly caused by mutations in CLCN5 and OCRL1 genes.Current treatments of the disease are still mainly symptomatic and supportive therapy,including reducing urinary calcium excretion,lightening nephrocalcinosis,and delaying the occurrence of renal insufficiency.

Objective To analyze clinical value of enteral nutrition via a nasojejunal feeding tube placed endoscopically and total parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis( SAP) .Methods 35 patients with SAP were received nasojejunal enteral nutrition endoscopically(NENE),while other 35 patients were received total parenteral nutrition(TPN).After nutrtion support for 4 weeks the nutrition index,Ranson score,APACHE score and CT score and complications and mortality rate of occurrence between the two groups were compared.Results After nutrition support of 4 weeks,the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin of NENE group were (108 ±21) g/L,(38.7 ±9.5) g/L, which were significantly higher than those of TPN group( t=3.928,3.684,all P<0.05),while the fasting blood glucose of(5.1 ±1.2)mmol/L was significantly lower than that of TPN group(P<0.05),the level of CRP,TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in patients of NENE group were (32.1 ±12.3)mg/L,(34.4 ±12.3)ng/L,(22.4 ±11.3)ng/L, (32.4 ±11.3)ng/L,which were significantly lower than those of TNP group(t=3.927,4.925,4.258,4.825,all P<0.05);the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction,hyperglycemia of NENE group were 17.14%,8.57%,5.71%, 5.71%,which were significantly lower than those of TPN group(χ2 =4.167,4.529,5.082,4.926,all P<0.05). Conclusion Nasojejunal enteral nutrition endoscopically is safe in clinical application.Compared with TPN,NENE results in better control of the incidence of complication, and decreased the length of stay in hospital and the cost enteral nutrition were more beneficial than total parenteral nutrition.

Objective To study the effect of cognitive behavior intervention on negative self-concept and life quality of chronic heart failure patients. Methods 128 cases of patients with chronic heart failure were divided into the observation group (63 cases) and the control group (65 cases).The control group were treated with cardiology common nursing, the observation group received cardiology common nursing with cognitive- behavioral therapy. Negative self-concept and life quality of the two groups were compared. Results Compared with the control group, the negative self-concept alleviated and life quality improved in the observation group. Conclusions Cardiology common nursing with cognitivebehavioral therapy can alleviate the negative emotion and improve the quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hysterescopy on the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. MethodsHysteroscopy was used in 120 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding, 98 cases with abnormal uterine cavity lesions were found. According to the different diseases, different treatments were unde~aken. ResultsThe use of hysteroscopy could make a clear diagnosis to variety of intrauterine abnormalities, and could treat many diseases at the same time directly. ConclusionUsing hysteroscopy to diagnose and treat abnormal uterine bleeding is a reliable method.

"Triple-negative"breast cancer patients who have special clinicopathological characteristics are defined by a lack expression of oestrogen,progesterone,and HER-2 receptors.Triple-negative patients usually metastasize early with worse prognosis,and have a higher incidence of visceral metastases than bony metas tases.This subgroup has no chance of hormone treatment and targeted therapy for HER-2,and chemotherapy is the main therapy.We discuss the predominant proliferative signals,molecular features of triple-negative breast cancer,and some basic studies and clinical trials.Furthermore,targeted therapy against EGFR,C-kit,and BRCA1 may show preferable anticancer activity.However,recent research is still unable to identify the biological characteristics of triple-negative Cancer,and special treatment is still not available.

Objective To verify the analytical performance of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products(FDP) detection on STAGO STA‐R automatic coagulation analyzer by using the FDP kits made in Sekisui Medical CO .,LTD .Methods In this study ,the vali‐dations of FDP′s precision ,detection limit ,linear range ,accuracy ,the clinical allowable range and reference range were according to a series of files of American clinical laboratory standardization institute(CLSI) and other relevant experimental documents and com‐pared with its quality performance which showed in kit introductions .Results Precision :The within‐run coefficients of variations (CV)were less than 5 .0% ,between‐run coefficients of variations were less than 10 .0% .The detection limit of FDP was 0 .44 mg/L .It was less than that in the kit introductions ,the detection 1imit meets the requirement .The linear equation of FDP was Y=1 .003X+0 .675 ,r2 =0 .995 ,its 1inear range was 0 .44-150 .00 mg/L .Interference test :there was no obvious interference observed when the concentration of total bilirubin <220 μmol/L ,hemoglobin<4 .0 g/L and triglyceride<7 .5 mmol/L in the sample .The relative deviation was <10% .Reference range:the measured results of FDP in 20 normal individuals were a11 in the reference in‐terval of producers .Conclusion The main performance index of FDP kits made in Sekisui Medical CO ,LTD is comply with the re‐quirements on STAGO STA‐R automatic coagulation analyzer .

BACKGROUND:The function was poor in middle aged and elderly patients with total knee replacement. If there was no ideal anesthesia during the operation, the prognosis of patients would be poor. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the analgesic drugs for artificial knee joint arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical analgesic efficacy of tramadol and paracetamol in total knee arthroplasty and the drug safety. METHODS:200 cases undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics of Huaian First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from December 2013 to January 2015 were enroled in this study. According to the different methods of analgesia, patients were divided into control and experimental groups, with 100 cases in each group. Control group received intravenous patient controled analgesia. Experimental group received paracetamol and tramadol oraly. Clinical analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol paracetamol in total knee arthroplasty were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant difference in visual analogue scale score was detected immediately, 4 and 5 days after replacement in both groups. Visual analogue scale score was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at 1-3 days after replacement. Hospital for Special Surgery scores at 7 and 12 months after replacement and Special Surgery scores at 24 and 72 hours after replacement were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The twice doses of tramadol and paracetamol were significantly lower at 24 and 48 hours after replacement in the experimental group than in the control group. The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. These data verify that during perioperative analgesia, the effects of tramadol and paracetamol were ideal, could lessen patient’s pain, contribute to the recovery of knee function, have less adverse reactions, and have a certain clinical application value.

Objective: To study self-efficacy and locus of control in s tudents under stress Method: 489 students including 138 colleg e students, 222 high school students and 129 high school students facing national examination for college (exam group) were collected SEI (self-judgement inven t ory) and ASLEC (adolescent life event scale) were applied to college students an d high school students Scale for Self-efficacy in Mathematics, ICP (inner cont r ol potential) and TAS (test anxiety scale) were applied to exam group R esult: Only in male students, there was significant negative correlation between general self-efficacy and stress The stress level of female was highe r than male There was significant negative correlation between stress and self- e fficacy in mathematics and between stress and internality While positive corre l ation existed between stress and powerful others, and between stress and chance In multiple regression, the main factors influence stress were gender, self-e fficacy and chance

The minimally invasive surgery means treatment that can remain homeostasis, reduce tissue damage, benefit body recovery and prognosis. The typical techniques of minimally invasive surgery in gynecology are laparoscope and hysteroscope, which can replace nearly all kinds of traditional gynecology surgery and have superior curative effect. After 10 years clinical practice, we found that reasonable application of laparoscope play a significant role in ensuring the surgery quality and postoperative living quality, on account of the greater risk by new surgery instruments and various sorts of energy. The popularization of gynecology minimally invasive surgery is influenced by the regional economic development and update of doctor's ideology, so it is important to train the surgeons and change their ideas.