Objective: To explore the relationship between childhood depressive symptoms with behaviors and family factors, and to provide a new perspective for comprehensive treatment of depressive children. Methods: A total of 58 children diagnosed with depressive disorder were recruited as case group in Department of Child Health, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. At the same time, 88 healthy children were selected as age and gender-matched control group. Depressive symptoms, behaviors and family factors in the two groups were investigated. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to describe and analyze the data. Results: The total score of CBCL scale in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group(43.29±30.93, 20.24±12.93, P<0.01), and the number of positive factors was significantly higher than that in the control group(2.57±3.14, 0.97±1.80, P<0.01). The scores of introversion, extroversion, depression, compulsion, hyperactivity, aggression and social withdrawal in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group(30.29±26.10, 17.10±16.53; 26.29±26.88, 17.45±16.99; 10.14±10.23, 3.48±3.14; 7.29±7.31, 4.83±5.26; 7.00±7.01, 4.86±4.38; 12.86±11.60, 8.38±8.90; 4.29±5.14, 2.72±3.01, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of physical complaints and disciplinary violations (P>0.05). The scores of somatization, hostility and terror of SCL-90 in parents of children in case group were significantly higher than those in control group(17.58±4.05, 15.81±4.00; 9.66±2.67, 8.69±2.45; 8.03±1.49, 7.50±0.88, P<0.05). The score of SDS scale was positively correlated with the total score of CBCL scale, the number of positive factors, introversion, extroversion, depression, compulsion, hyperactivity, aggression and social withdrawal, and negatively correlated with parents’ marital status (P<0.01). Conclusion Depression is a common emotional disorder in childhood, which has a negative impact on learning and social performance. In the comprehensive treatment of children with depression, the importance of child behavior therapy and parental psychological counseling should be fully considered for mental health improvement.