Chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of cancer treatment for decades. However, albeit remarkable, the response to chemotherapy is generally short-lived. With deepened understanding of cancer immunology, resurgence was recently witnessed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy induces a relatively mild but stable response. Accumulating evi-dence reveals that apart from chemotherapy's direct cytotoxic activity, chemotherapy exerts immune-potentiating effects by increas-ing the immunogenicity of tumor cells or by disrupting the tumor-induced immunosuppression and altering the immune microenviron-ment. The latter mechanism serves as the basis for the combined use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we exam-ine the rationale for combinatorial therapy in accordance with the current understanding on tumor immunity and newly discovered im-mune-based chemotherapeutic mechanisms. We further discuss the available preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. We aim to provide a framework for further research.

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) although is a benign disease,repeated syncope attacks can reduce quality of life in patients,in some cases,can also lead to serious body injures.Therefore,it is required and necessary to the treatment of patients with VVS.The treatment of VVS includes health education,drug treatment and non-drug treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacological actions of compound Yinshen granules(CYSG) on cerebral ischemia injuries in rats METHODS:Using an established middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model devised by Tamura,we observed infarction areas of the brain and behaviour grade of cerebral apoplexy,and calculated brain water content and brain index RESULTS:CYSG(10 0g/kg,5 0g/kg in rats)significantly reduced infarction areas,ameliorated neurological symptoms,decreased brain water content and brain index after MCAO in rats CONCLUSION:CYSG can protect ischemia cerebral injuries in rats

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of children with paragonimus pericarditis.Methods:The diagnosis and treatment effect of 43 children with paragonimus pericarditis were retrospectively analysed.Results:There was diversity in the clicinal manifestations.Thirty-four cases were treated with praziquantel,pericardiocentesis,open pericardial drainage and so on.In 30 cases that were followed up,26 cases were cured and 4 cases developed pericardial constriction.Four cases with constrictive pericarditis were cured after pericardiectomy.Conclusion:The children with paragonimus pericarditis could be diagnosed early by careful asking of the case history of eating crabs,routine examination of the numbers of the acidophile in blood and pericardial effusion and paragonimus antigen intracutaneous test.It is possible to develop pericardial constriction after clinical cure in those cases that have had a long course of disease before treatment.

Magnetic resonance imaging has developed from a single observation of organisms’ anatomy and the change of morphology under the physiological and pathological conditions to the study of biology function and activity mechanism. Furthermore, it has entered into the molecular imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion-weighed imaging (DWI) is one of them, which is mainly used in the early diagnosis of cerebral infraction. This article elaborates diffusion-weighed imaging,the identification of acute and non-acute cerebral infarction by DWI in physiological basis of pathogenesis and the time vale of DWI examination. The author holds the opinion that it is of great significance to distinguish between acute and non-acute cerebral infarction by using DWI and that clinicians may adopt targeted therapies according to the different periods of cerebral infarction in order to avoid unsafe and unnecessarily risky treatments.

Due to the advance of CT equipment, combined with the current intensifying doctor-patient conflict, the indication of CT examination is relaxed, even expanded to the examination of benign lesions, which contributes to the blind diagnosis using CT or the so-called“Casting a big net”. However, X-rays bring two kinds of risks. One of them is the risk of the accumulated X-rays, the other one is the missed diagnosis resulting from the poor image quality, which is caused by the low amount of radiation. Therefore, how to strike a balance between these two not only becomes the focus of academic circles, but sparks the whole society’s attention. This article elaborates X-rays hazards, CT radiation does, application of Multiple Detector Spiral CT, purpose and principles of radiological protection and optimization of CT scanning technology. The author believes “exposure does individualization” can be achieved under the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), or we can even minimize the exposure does according to the requirements of diagnosis and accept the image with appropriate noise.

Objective To investigate the influence of negative emotion on patients with peptic ulcer and their cognition about self-management knowledge. Methods Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale(S/IS) and self-designed survey questionnaire of peptic deer patients' gen-end knowledge were used to examine 105 peptic ulcer patients in outpatient and inpatient in the digestive department and the data were compared with those of 106 healthy people. Results The peptic ulcer pa-tients' total score of SDS and SAS, and the occurrence rate of positive symptom were obviously higher than those of healthy people. In the group of ulcer patients, we compared the data of SDS one by one, the emo-tion of patients was different when their profession was different. The difference between patients with and without anxiety in keeping emotion steady and appropriate diet was significant. 45.8%～78.1% of patients with negative emotions didn't understand the cycle of treatment, regular consultation with a doctor or com-plication. Conclusions Nurses should evaluate the emotional state of patients, establish nursing plan based on individual patients, give different nursing and education to different patient. Thus patients' general self-management knowledge and compliance can be improved, their spirit health level can be alleviated. It can also reduce incidence of the disease and prevent relapse.

Holter monitoring remains an useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of syncope in children if synco-pe remains unexplained after the initial examination.But it should not be used as a screening tool.Holter monitoring is recommended in children who were suspected as cardiac syncope or who had an abnormal electrocardiogram.For chil-dren with frequent syncope,Holter monitoring is highly recommended.More information can be provided with extended Holter monitoring to 48 hours if possible.Heart rate variability is probably useful in predicting head -up tilt test diagno-sis of neurally mediated syncope.

Today’s medical imaging has developed from a single observation of organisms’ anatomy and the change of morphology under the physiological and pathological conditions to the study of biology function and activity mechanism. Furthermore, it has entered into the molecular imaging. Through the analysis of 25 academic monograph and the experiences of convening three national editorial committees, the author successfully analyzes. Before writing, the author should carry out the market research and the writings should be deigned for a readership. The writing team must be equipped with academic quality as well as humanistic quality. And the comprehensive quality of the premier author is of great importance. He needs to call together all the members of the committee to have an all-round and deep communication, do the job as unifying the drafts, advertise sales and revise.

Objective: The FDA regulation requirements for medical device software are relatively mature and systematic, and the research on the FDA regulation thinking of medical device software helps to promote the regulation work of the medical device software in our country. Methods:Based on the comparison of the 1998 edition and 2005 edition FDA software submission guidance, the trend of the FDA regulation requirements for medical device software was analyzed, and then its regulation thinking was discussed according to other current effective software-related guidance. Results:FDA integrally improves the submission requirements for all medical device software, especially for the minor Level of Concern software, and simplifies the requirements for design specification, verification and validation, but strengthens the requirements for traceability analysis and revision history. Conclusion: The regulation work of the medical device software in our country needs to fully consider the particularity of the medical device software, strengthen the audit of software quality management system, implement the software traceability analysis, and determine the regulation requirements for software change.