Objective To evaluate the efficieency of nursing care for mild Alzheimer's disease.Methods 42 cases of patients with mild Alzheimer'sdisease were randomly divided into 2 groups: the nursing care group and the control group.MMSE and ADL tests were applied at the baseline and after 2 year.Results Cognitive ability and activities of daily living of the nursing care group comparatively maintained than those of the control group after 2 year(P＜0.01).Conclusion Nursing care at early stage may help to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To screen the nanobody against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) urease based on the nanobody library,analyze the structure and binding site, and to identify its inhibitory effect on the activity of urease. Methods Through the display library of natural alpaca phage antibody, using urease B subunit as the target antigen, the nanobody against H.pylori urease was obtained by four rounds of washing and positive clone screening. The nanobody structure and the space binding region with urease were analyzed by structure prediction software, and the inhibitory effect of urease nanobody on urease activity was determined. Results Three nanobodies against H.pylori urease B subunit were obtained. The sequence homology of the three nanobodies was 78. 43%, and the variable regions were all hydrophobic amino acids, containing more β folds and Loop regions. Closer and wider contact was formed at the same site in the 3D models, which was formed with the sites of 301-312,371-385, 440-460 and 550-570 of urease B. When combined with urease B, all of the three nanobodies formed steric hindrance, which interfered with the formation of the dimer of urease A and B subunits, thus inhibiting the function of urease.Conclusion The obtained high affinity anti-urease nanobodies can inhibit the urease activity, which provides an experimental basis for the subsequent preparation of H.pylori urease diagnostic antibody and the research for new therapeutic targets.

Bone morphogenetic protein-4(BMP4) is one of BMPs member,it not only can play an important role in cell proliferation and invasion,but also play an important role in cell differentiation,apoptosis and angiogenesis.A study showed BMP4 in malignant tumor can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,and also can induce tumor cell invasion,metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation,and SMAD is the classic signaling pathways.BMP4 is expected to become a potential therapeutic targets and in evaluating the prognosis,immune therapy in malignant tumor.In this paper,the structure and function of BMP4 and its mechanism in tumor were reviewed.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck.The therapies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma include the following aspects:conventional radiotherapy,chemotherapy,surgery and molecular target therapy,etc.The combined chemo-radiotherapy and molecular target therapy has gradually become the hotspot therapy for NPC.

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) can bind with its tyrosine kinase receptor via paracrine and autocrine, activate downstream pathways and perform a series of biological reactions, and reduce pressure load and improve heart function through inhibiting sympathetic nerve excitement.Recent study identified that NRG-1 can induce pluripotent stem cell differentiation;clinical trials proved that recombinant human NRG-1 can reduce level of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, rehospitalization rate and onset times of heart failure.The present article made a review on research progress of NRG-1 in cardiovascular field.

Human intestinal microbial flora has complex interaction with intestinal mucosal immune system,which maintains intestinal homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a chronic and nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease,the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD,and modulation of intestinal microbiota can be one of the measures for treatment of IBD. This article reviewed the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in IBD.

Viral infections affect wheezing and asthma.Wheezing illnesses are usually viral in origin in children.The recurrent wheezing is associated with childhood asthma.There are some new evidences proving that rhinovirus(RV)is closely associated with asthma in children.This review discusses age distribution,epidemic season and risk factors of RV in the wheezing children.It also reviews the relationship between RV infection and asthma,clinical laboratory examination and treatment.

The paper analyzed the necessity of the testing items for blood transfusion compatibility.By means of a comprehensive evaluation of the testing requirements of blood transfusion labs,and a basis on characteristics of blood transfusion profession and technical specifications in clinical transfusion,the paper probed into building appropriate lab examination techniques in terms of ABO blood type testing item,RhD blood type testing item and screening test,and cross-matching testing items,for the purpose of achieving the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.

Objective To investigate the clinical status of massive transfusion in elderly patients in general hospital in order to improve the clinical use of blood and ensure the security of blood transfusion in elderly patients.Methods 100 patients who required massive transfusion were divided into 2 groups:elderly group (patients aged 60 years and over,n=32) and non-elderly group (patients aged under 60 years,n=68).Clinical blood transfusion indications in all patients met the Technical Criterion of Clinical Blood Transfusion issued by Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China in 2000.Clinical data were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results Elderly patients with massive transfusion were mainly in department of surgery,including department of orthopedics,general surgery,hepatobiliary surgery,cardiac surgery and urology surgery and gastroenterology,and the mean age of patients in these departments was 71.5 years,69.9 years,72.0 years,66.0 years,65.5 years,70.8 years respectively,accounting for 50.0％,70.0％,20.0％,75.0％,20.0％ and 66.7％ in all patients who required massive blood transfusion respectively.The mean blood transfusion volumes were higher in patients in department of gastroenterology,general surgery,hepatobiliary surgery and orthopedic,in which the mean units of red blood cell components transfusion were 14.0 U,7.0 U,5.2 U and 4.1U respectively,the mean units of plasma components transfusion were 23.3 U,8.4 U,8.0 U,0.5 U respectively,and the mean uint of platelet components transfusion was 1.6 U in hepatobiliary surgery.Conclusions The risk of blood transfusion is higher in the elderly than in the non elderly.We should select the effective blood components reasonablely,reduce the unnecessary blood transfusion and decrease the dependence on plasma transfusion to avoid the transfusion overload and adverse reactions.

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1),an enzyme of the pyrimidine remedial pathway,can catalyze phosphorylation of thymidine to thymidine monophosphate.It is closely related to cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation.A number of experiments show that TK1 can be used for physical examination,tumor screening,routine testing,effect monitoring and prognosis evaluation,which is considered to be a sensitive and useful marker for human tumor growth.