Free fatty acid receptors(FFARs)are a series of orphan G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)activated by free fatty acids(FFAs)and their derivatives. As transmembrane receptors,GPCRs are involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases and provide a wide range of therapeutic targets for these diseases. FFARs combined with FFAs are mainly involved in the secretion of endocrine hormones such as insulin,adipocyte differentiation,inflammatory response,autoimmune response and other processes,which was a potential therapeutic target for energy metabolism disorders and immune diseases. However,recent studies have shown that FFAs and its receptor FFARs are widely involved in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunity directly or through the brain-intestinal axis,and are expected to be a therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer′s disease(AD),Parkinson′s disease(PD),depression and other diseases. This paper reviews the research progress of the role of FFARs in nervous system diseases.

Nowadays more and more evidences suggest that glycemic management of the patients in intensive care units needs to be individualized.We should pay more attention to the diabetes history in these patients besides the primary diseases.A brief literature review and a commentary about this topic were presented in this article.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an LC-MS method for the determination of nimesulide in human plasma. METHODS:The separation was performed on Agilent Zorbox SB-Cl8 column,using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (65 ∶ 35) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and valsartan was served as internal standard. Positive electrospray ionization detection was applied to monitor m/z 309(nimesulide,[M+H]+)and m/z 436(valsartan,[M+H]+). RESULTS:The linear range of nimesulide was 5～50 ng?mL-1(r=0.998 9). The method recovery of nimesulide ranged from 87.1% to 92.9%. The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3.1%～5.8%,6.4%～9.2%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,simple,convenient,accurate and reproducible,and it is suitable for clinical plasma concentration monitoring and pharmacokinetics research of nimesulide.

Objective To evaluate the CT features of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung. Methods CT features in twenty-three cases of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung confirmed by operation or clinical were analyzed retrospectively. Spiral CT including plainscans and contrast enhanced scans was done in all patients. Thin-slice target scan and multiple plane reconstruction were used on the area of nodule. Different width and level of window were used to show the characteristic sign of the nodule.Results No calcification,satellite lesion,concentrated vessels and enlarged lymph nodes were found in or around all of the nodules. The size of these nodules were 10 mm?15 mm～30 mm?40 mm with round or irregular margin. Superficial lobular or spiculated margin was seen in only three nodules. Hyperemia and clouding appearance were found in 19 nodules and reflecting thickening pleura in 18 nodules. Unsteady edge enhancement were found in 18 nodules and no enhancement in 5 nodules. Effused change around the nodules could be seen perfectly when the level was about -400. MPR was the most accurate technique to show the relationship of nodule and pleura. Conclusion Solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung have obvious CT characterizes. By analyzing various CT manifestations comprehensively most nodules can be diagnosed correctly. Suitable width and level of window as well as MPR are helpful in showing the characterizes of the nodules.

Objective: To explore risk factors of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-induced vagal reflex and its emergency treatment strategies.Methods: Clinical data of 214 patients undergoing successful PCI in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to presence of vagal reflex or not, they were divided into vagal reflex group (n=56) and no vagal reflex group (n=158).Clinical features were compared between two groups.Logistic analysis was used to analyze related risk factors for PCI-induced vagal reflex, meanwhile, those patients with vagal reflex received emergency treatment and observation;and prevention and treatment plans were analyzed.Results: Single factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, diabetes mellitus, repeated puncture, indwelling sheath, previous PCI and hemostasis time by compression were risk factors for induced vagal reflex (OR=1.155~3.005, P<0.05 or <0.01).Multifactor Logistic analysis found that diabetes mellitus, indwelling sheath time and hemostasis time by compression were independent risk factors for induced vagal reflex (OR=1.846~2.998, P<0.05 all).Symptoms of those patients with vagal reflex were effectively controlled via rapid intravenous rehydration, blood volume expansion, intravenous injection of dopamine and atropine etc.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, indwelling sheath time and hemostasis time by compression are related factors for PCI-induced vagal reflex;high risk patients should be closely monitored, given standardized treatment rapidly.

Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important cause of acquired brain injury in children,with a high morbidity and mortality.AIS in children differs from adult ischemic stroke in etiologies and risk factors.Recognition of AIS in children is challenging,and significant delays in diagnosis often occur.This article reviews the risk factors,diagnostic evaluation and treatment of AIS in children.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of articles,authors and citations in Journal of Clincal Neurology from 2005 to 2007. Methods The data about articles,authors and citations in Journal of Clincal Neurology from 2005 to 2007 were analysed by bibliometrics method.Results There were 674 papers published in Journal of Clincal Neurology during the 3 years. The average number of articles per isseu was 37.4. The average number of article per paper was 0.47.The papers with funded projects were 142( 21.1%).The authors distributed in 28 mainland provinces,municipality cities and autonomous region. And main of them came from Jiangsu,Shandong,Shanghai and Beijing,and 93.1% of them shared with co-author. The coporation rate was 4.1. The ratio of the papers with citation was 86.6%,and 97% of all the citations came from journals. The average number of citation per paper were 8.6 items. The Price's indicator was 43.7%. Conclusion Journal of Clincal Neurology is an academic journal of higher quality,with stronger influence in field of clincal neurology.

Objective:To construct the recombinant adenovirus expressing human mdr1 gene.Methods:The cDNA of mdr1 gene was subcloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV and then clone the homologous recombinant adenovirus genomic plasmid pAdEasy in bacteria.We tranfected the DNA of identified recombinant plasmid into 293 cells via liposome,and then did the package and amplification of adenovirus.The mononuclear cells of mouse were infected with Ad5-mdr1 and the target gene was determined by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry.Results:Restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis confirmed that the recombinant adenovirus vector of mdr1 gene was successfully constructed.The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 8.3?1011pfu/ml,and the infection efficiency to the mononuclear cell achieve 10%~15%.The expression of mdr1 gene was observed at 48h after the transfection of the mononuclearcell with Ad5-mdr1.Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus expressing mdr1 gene was successfully constructed,which paves the way for the following studies related to mdr1.

Objective:To ensure that the metrology calibration in pharmaceutical enterprises is in compliance with the requirements of GMP, the key issues in the metrology calibration that is in the process of the implementation of the new project of pharmaceutical enterprises are researched on. Methods: The six key issues in the metrology calibration process are identified and are researched on. The six key issues is collection of the metrology information, completion of metrology information, determination of operating range and maximum permissible error, determination of calibration interval, classification management of measuring equipment, formulation of internal calibration procedure, and practical methods for the above issues are presented.Results: the metrology calibration process is controllable, the measurement result is accurate and reliable, and the measurement data can be traced back. Conclusion:when the implementation of pharmaceutical enterprises new projects, that the key issues of the metrology calibration process are made good use of these solutions can lay a good foundation for future work, and ensure that the metrology calibration process is in compliance with the requirements of GMP.

This paper,via the case of task-designing in classroom teaching,mainly explores the application of task-based approach in multimedia assisted college English teaching in order to transform the traditional teacher-model to the learner-model,and improve language communicative competence.