BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α may mediate mammalian cells to adapt hypoxia environment.OBJECTIVE: To observe high altitude hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the lung tissue of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent high altitude hypoxia intervention for 1, 2, 3 and 30 days. Control group was set. Four high altitude hypoxia groups consisted of Golmud, Qinghai at the altitude of 2 700 m from 5-m above sea level of Xi'an consuming 1 day, Tanggula region at 5 000 m above sea level consuming 2 days, and Tibet Nagqu at 4 500 m above sea level consuming 3 and 30 days, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Light and electron microscopy showed that acute high altitude hypoxia 2 day group presented apparent high altitude pulmonary edema, while the 30 day group of acute high altitude hypoxia of high altitude pulmonary edema was significantly reduced, but hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression increase in lung tissues after hypoxic acclimatization can help ameliorate high altitude pulmonary edema.

Objective To study the influence of pre-hospital emergency professional technology for nerve function,disability rate and mortality in the critically injured patients.Methods One hundred critically injured patients were selected as pre-hospital group,100 critically injured patients who immediately went to hospital emergency department were selected as hospital group.The Glasgow coma score,shock index,trauma index,mortality were compared between the 2 groups.Resuts There was no statistical difference in Glasgow coma score at 12 h after treatment between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05),Glasgow coma score at 24 h after treatment in pre-hospital group was significantly higher than that in hospital group [(13.9 ± 3.6) scores vs.(11.9 ± 4.8) scores],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The trauma index at 12,24 h after treatment in pre-hospital group were significantly lower than those in hospital group (12.1 ± 5.1 vs.14.6 ± 4.8,11.9 ± 4.6 vs.14.3 ± 3.8),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in shock index at 12 and 24 h after treatment and mortality (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Pre-hospital emergency professional technology has important the role for the treatment of critically injured patients.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between preoperative anxiety and pain threshold in patients with hysteromyoma, and to investigate the effect of anxiety on postoperative analgesia. Methods: Fifty patients with hysteromyoma were included and evaluated the anxiety level with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) 1 day before hysterectomy. Threshold of heat pain and cold pain of all patients were also assessed by quantitative sensory testing (QST) at the same time. All patients received hysterectomy under the combined spinal epidural anesthesia,and 2 mg morphine were injected to their epidural spaces 10 min before the end of surgery. Visual analgesia scores (VAS, 0～10) were performed to evaluate the level of pain at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 12 h after the operation. The time of first ambulation after operation were also recorded to help assess the effect of postoperative analgesia. Results:The average SAS scores of all these 50 patients was (48.7±10.3) . And 13 cases (26%) were with mild anxiety (SAS=50-59), whereas 5 cases (10%) were with moderate or severe anxiety (SAS≥60) . The threshold of heat pain and cold pain were (37.8±3.1)℃ and (15.8±3.6)℃.VAS at all investigated time points was 0,(1.4±1.1), (3.3±1.6) and (4.4±2.1) . There was significantly negative correlation between the SAS scores and the pain threshold of all patients with anxiety (r=-0.67, -0.56; Ps<0.001). But for these patients, the correlations between the SAS scores and VAS scores at 6h and 12h after the operation were positive (r=0.48,0.55, Ps<0.001) . Furthermore, the average time of first ambulation after operation in those anxious patients was later than that in the patients with no anxiety (SAS<50) [(46.6±7.1) h vs.(39.8±9.3) h, P <0.05].Conclusion: The higher level of preoperative anxiety in patients with hysteromyoma is correlated to higher level ofpain threshold, less effect of analgesia and longer time to recovery. It indicates that it is necessary to assess preoper-ative anxiety in patients with hysteromyoma.

In recent years, there is much debate on how much cholesterol should be taken in with diet. This article reviews the dietary guidelines, recommendations, and strategies of some national and international organizations since the mid-20th century. The dietary cholesterol was systematically combed and interpreted on its intake for the general population and special population. We would like to help the professionals and public better understand the meaning of the guidelines, to eliminate the misunderstanding of dietary cholesterol and to establish the correct concept of healthy eating pattern.

37.5?m),showing light,scattered and small granules and gamma motoneurons(diameter

arotid artery stenosis is a common clnical disease, and its treatment includes drug therapy, carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stenting. This article reviews the advances in the management of carotid artery stenosis.

The incidence of cervical cancer is the first place in gynecological malignant tumors in China. About 500,000 new cases accounts for 5% of all new cancer patients appeared per year all over the world.How to prolong the progression free survival and overall survival of patients with cervical carcinoma is a very important issue in the field of gynecology.So it is very important to take effective treatment.This paper reviewed the research progress of cervical carcinoma treatment in recent years,including surgical treatment,chemotherapy drugs thera?py,angiogenesis inhibitors targeted therapy,immunization therapy.

Currently,intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 hours of stroke onset is the only proven treatment for acute ischemic stroke.However,recanalization rate within 24 hours after the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator is low,especially when the occlusion site involves a large intracranial artery.The low recanalization rate has prompted the development of endovascular therapy.Nevertheless,all treatment is binary,there is no best but most suitable treatment.In this article we review available researches on endovascular therapy and patients selection for endovascular therapy.

Objective:Increased D-dimer level has been recently correlated with the progression and high mortality rate of some cancers. This study aimed to determine whether the plasma D-dimer level was a predictor of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods:Clinical data of 425 with NHL were retrospectively reviewed. Variables such as clinicopathological factors, plasma D-dimer levels, and the international prognostic index (IPI) were evaluated. Results: The plasma D-dimer level was closely correlated with the IPI. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the low plasma D-dimer levels were 80%, 75%, and 50%;those for the high plasma D-dimer levels were 41%, 33%, and 9%, respectively (P<0.001). Compared with an IPI of zero or one, IPI values≥4 were predictive of poor prognosis (P<0.001). The Ann Arbor stage, pathological classification, plasma D-dimer level, and IPI were found to be significantly as-sociated with mortality. However, similar to IPI, the plasma D-dimer level was the independent risk factor affecting multivariate analy-sis. Conclusion:High D-dimer levels are a potential prognostic marker for NHL.

Objective To investigate the influence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on life quality of patients with common bile duct stones. Methods The life quality of 35 patients, who underwent ERCP because of common bile duct stones, were assessed by GIQLI questionnaires before, 2 and 6 weeks after the procedure. Results The mean GIQLI score of patients before ERCP was 99. 9, which was significantly increased to 112. 2 and 121.9 at 2 and 6 weeks after ERCP (P ＜0. 01 ). At 6weeks after ERCP, the GIQLI score was similar to that of normal population. Conclusion ERCP can improve the life quality of patients with common bile duct stones.