Objective To investigate the mechanism of liver X receptor(LXR)signal pathway in regulating glucose metabolism by observing the variety of LXR expression and its impacts on regulating the mRNA expression of PEPCK and GCK, the key enzyme of hepatic glucose metabolism in various glucose metabolic status in rats. Methods SD rats were chosen and divided into four groups:the CON group, the induced DM group, the OB group, and the induced OB+DM group. For each group of rats, body weight, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol were measured. Then the rats were sacrificed and the livers were collected and studied. Real-time PGR was used to measure the expressions of LXR mRNA, PEPCK mRNA, and GCK mRNA in the livers. Finally, the Western Blot assay was used to measure the liver LXR protein expression. Results The expression of LXR mRNA was significantly higher in DM,OB, and OB+DM groups than in CON group(P＜0.05).The Western blot results showed that the levels of protein were in accordance with the mRNA expression. Comparing to the CON and the OB groups, the PEPCK mRNA expression of the OB+DM and the DM groups was significantly higher, while the GCK mRNA expression of these two groups was significantly lower(P＜0.05). Comparing to the CON group, the PEPCK mRNA expression of the OB group was significantly lower, while the GCK mRNA expression of OB group was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Conclusions During non-diabetic phase, LXR could act as a protective receptor for glucose metabolism and keep glucose homeostasis by regulating the key enzymes of the hepatic glucose metabolism. While in the diabetic phase, the protective receptor LXR failed to reverse the change of the related enzymes caused by insulin deficiency, and finally the plasma glucose level was raised.

Twenty-seven male SD rats were assigned to 3 groups: control, obese, and obese with diabetes groups. Serum corticosterone was determined and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was carried out. Expressions of liver X receptor ( LXR), 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 ( 11 β-HSD1 ), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were determined by real-time PCR. Both groups of obese rats were insulin-resistant, with up-regulated LXR mRNA and down-regulated 11 β-HSD1 mRNA( both P＜0.05 ).

Objective To provide basis for rational drug use of clinical practice by analysis of antidepressants application in Wuhan. Methods Antidepressants were classified according to the structure and mechanism. By using the analytical method of the defined daily dose (DDD) recommended by WHO,authors statistically analyzed the relative data of antidepressants used in 34 hospitals of Wuhan from 2011 to 2013. Results The consumption of the antidepressants had been increased year by year,selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and serotonin noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNaRIs) were widely used and presented higher proportion than others in the consumption of antidepressants,the average amount of the sales was 50.49% and 21.81%,respectively.The application of tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) decreased in Wuhan,the amount of sales for 3 years accounted for 0.56%,0.37% and 0.15%. Conclusion SSRIs and SNaRIs have already become the first-choice drugs in clinic practice because of good efficacy and high safety,other new types of antidepressants have a great potential for development,TCAs are fewly used now.

Enophthalmos ; surgery ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; diagnosis ; surgery

Adult ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lateral Ventricles ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mushroom Poisoning ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

AIM: To investigate the changes of first order kernel ( FOK ) and second order kernel ( SOK ) of multifocal electroretinogram( mf-ERG) in detecting the early retinal abnormalities in sub-clinical stage of diabetic retinopathy. ·METHODS: Totally 32 patients ( 58 eyes ) with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) without apparent diabetic retinopathy( DR) were detected by mf-ERG, from June 2014 to May 2015. Thirty cases ( 60 eyes ) of normal control group had also been taken to compare the difference of the amplitude and latency between the two groups. ·RESULTS: Compared with the control group: there was no statistical difference in the FOK b-wave latency of the diabetic group, and the FOK b-wave amplitude was significantly decreased (t=3. 099, P=0. 012). The SOK b-wave latency in diabetes group was statistically delayed (t=2. 643, P=0. 025), and the SOK b-wave amplitude statistically decreased (t=4. 833, P<0. 01). There was no statistically difference in the a-wave latency and amplitude of FOK and SOK. The b-wave amplitude of FOK and SOK was negatively correlated with the course of the disease. However, the b-wave amplitude was not statistically correlated with the duration of diabetes mellitus. ·CONCLUSION: The function of the post-polar outer and inner retina detected by FOK and SOK had been damage even before retinopathy. The anomaly is mainly reflected by the decreasing amplitude of b-wave.

Objective:To investigate the application value of thromboelastography (TEG) in choosing antiplatelet drug for patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis.Methods: 100 new patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis, who received single antiplatelet therapy after received dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) in acute stage (14d), were randomly divided into observation group (50cases)and control group (50cases). According to different method of choosing drug, patients of control group randomly were implemented different single antiplatelet drug, while patients of observation group received more sensitive antiplatelet drug based on TEG results. The follow-up observation about recurrent situation of cerebral arterial thrombosis for the two groups were carried out in further study.Results: In one year, the recurrence rate of cerebral arterial thrombosis of observation group (6%, 3/50) was significantly lower than that of control group (20%, 10/50) (x2=4.332,P<0.05). The differences of recurrence rate between different antiplatelet drug in intra-group were not statistically significant.Conclusion: TEG can efficiently evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiplatelet drug, and guide the selection for drug so as to reduce the recurrence rate of cerebral arterial thrombosis.

Animals ; Dyslipidemias ; embryology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Renal Replacement Therapy

Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Brain ; pathology ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; pathology ; Consciousness Disorders ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male