Objective: To explore the relationship between eHealth literacy and illness behavior of vocational college students in Jinan city,and to provide reference for improving health education in vocational colleges. Methods: In December 2019, 1 157 college students from 4 vocational colleges in Jinan city were selected to conduct eHealth literacy and illness behavior survey. Results: The score of eHealth literacy was(29.92±8.36),and the score of illness behavior was(52.82±18.04). Illness behavior score of male students was lower than female students,urban students was higher than the rural students,only children lower than the non-only children,those who did not serve as student leaders were lower than those who were served,those with paternal education lower than high school were lower than those with paternal education higher than high school,and those differences were statistically significant (t=-10.82,2.29,-3.85,-3.99,-4.89,P<0.05). The score of eHealth literacy of male students was lower than that of female students,that of urban students was higher than that of rural students,that of only children was lower than that of non-only children,that of student cadres was higher than those who do not,and the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.16,2.87,-3.32,-2.91,P<0.05). The total score and dimensions of eHealth literacy were significantly positively correlated with total score and dimensions of illness behavior (r=0.09-0.27,P<0.01),and eHealth literacy significantly positively predicted illness behavior (β=0.15,P<0.01). Conclusion eHealth literacy is an important factor affecting the illness beahvior of college students in vocational colleges, more attention should be paid to the cultivation of eHealth literacy of vocational college students to improve their illness behavior.