Objective: To describe the linear growth trajectory and BMI growth trajectory of children aged 0-6 years, and to investigate the relationship between different growth trajectory patterns and refractive error of preschool children. Methods: The participants were selected from Ma anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), which was established from May 2013 to September 2014. In this study, 15 follow up interviews were conducted among 2 037 live births between 42 days after birth and 72 months of age to collect the data of body length and body weight. And at the age of (72±6) months, data of the naked eye visual acuity was measured by professional ophthalmologist in Ma anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The latent class growth model was conducted to identify distinct linear growth trajectory and BMI Z score trajectories of 0 to 6 year old infants and young children. Multinomial Logistic regression model was used for analyzing the relationship between distinct growth trajectories and ametropia in 6-year-old children. Results: According to the latent class growth model, children showed three obvious linear growth trajectories: slow growth trajectory ( n =302), normal growth trajectory ( n =1 162), and fast growth trajectory ( n =573). And BMI growth trajectory were also divided into three patterns: slow growth trajectory ( n =630), normal growth trajectory ( n =1 058), and fast growth trajectory ( n =349). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that linear slow growth trajectory was a risk factor for hyperopia in 6-year-old children ( OR =1.80, 95% CI =1.09-2.98, P <0.05). But it was not significantly associated with myopia. There was no significant correlation between fast growth BMI pattern and slow growth BMI pattern with myopia and hyperopia in 6-year-old children. Conclusion Slower growth patterns in linear growth trajectories were associated with hyperopia in 6-year-old children.It should pay close attention to the height growth pattern of preschool children. Regular examination of physical development indicators and distance vision can help prevent the occurrence and development of ametropia in preschool children.