Objective To analyze the epidemical distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province in recent 30 years,so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in the future. Methods The literature related to intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province from 1984 to 2012 was searched and the infection data in them were sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 26 papers were obtained. In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of Trich-uris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in Jiangsu Province decreased gradually,but the infection levels in northern Ji-angsu were higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu. In northern and central of Jiangsu Province,the descent speed of the intestinal nematode infection levels was faster before 2000,and then it slowed down after 2000. In southern Jiangsu,the descent speed of the infection level of A. lumbricoides was the fastest,but the infection level of T. trichiura with slight fluctuation kept rela-tively steady. From 1984 to 1989,the infection rates of the 3 intestinal nematodes above-mentioned in all age groups were high, and those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were above 20%and 30%,respectively,and the infection rates of hookworm in mid-dle aged and elderly populations were relatively high. From 1990 to 2000,the infection rates of A. lumbricoides in children and teenager as well as that of hookworm in the people aged from 40 to 70 years were high,but those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides in the people above 70 years old were low. During the period of 2001 to 2012,the middle aged and elderly population and children were still the high-risk groups of hookworm and A. lumbricoides infections,respectively. Conclusions In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of intestinal nematodes in Jiangsu Province have decreased year by year,but the infection levels in northern Jiangsu are still higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu,which means that the northern Jiangsu is the key area of intestinal nema-todiasis control. Meanwhile,the A. lumbricoides infection rate of children and T. trichiura infection rate of the middle aged and el-derly population are high,which suggests that the control should put emphasis on the key population.

Drug addiction is a chronic,relapsing brain disorder,which develops,in part,because of aberrant learning and memory. Accumulative studies during recent decades demonstrated that addictive drug hijacks the normal memory circuit in the brain to form a long-lasting drug reward memory,which determines relapse to addictive drug. In this review,we will describe what has been learned about drug reward memory,especially focused on one of the associative drug reward memory models,drug-induced conditioned place preference. Drug reward memory is a dynamic process,which consists of several stages,including acquisition,consolidation,maintenance,retrieval,reconsolidation and extinction. Interventions with pharmacological in these memory processes will differentially regulate drug reward memory. Furthermore , the recently developed novel pure behavioral procedure according to the hypothesis of memory processes,e.g. post-retrieval extinction,could erase drug reward memory,which shows more advantages than the pharmacological medications that used in memory studies. Finally, we discussed two major methodological issues in drug reward memory,procedure and timing,which should be carefully considered when designing the related studies and interpreting the results from related studies. So far,it is not sure whether it is feasible to develop a pharmacological medication that only erases drug reward memory without impairing normal memories,we propose that inhibition of drug reward memory would be a good strategy to limit the risk of relapse to addictive drug. Although current findings on drug reward memory benefits little for treatment of drug addiction,the ongoing studies on drug reward memory will provide a promising strategy for reducing the risk of relapse to addictive drug.

Objective To sum m arize the key points, difficulties and relevant practical experiences for ana-lyzing the scene of solved intentional hom icide cases. Methods The data of 88 solved intentional hom i-cide cases in a county from 2004 to 2013 w ere collected and the retrospective analysis w as perform ed. Results The num ber of local fem ale victim s obviously higher than non-local fem ale victim s and the num ber of non-local suspects is obviously higher than local suspects. The num ber of M ale suspects show ed higher com pared w ith the fem ale. M ost of them w ere tem porary w orkers, unem ploym ent or farm ers w ith less education backgrounds. The m ain causes of victim s’ death w ere m echanical injury or asphyxia. The m urders w ere acquaintances in m ost intentional hom icide cases. The m otive of the stranger m urders w as com m only m oney. The m urder behavior types of hom icide cases w ere related w ith people, m oney and sexual assault. C am ouflage and guilty behavior show ed the m ost significance. Conclusion The accurate identification of suspects is one of the m ost im portant task in forensic investigation and re-flects the im portance of the crim inal scene analysis for intentional hom icide cases. It also provides the direction of future research.

Objective To explore the status of infections of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County,Jiang-su Province from 2011 to 2012. Methods Totally 2 140 residents of Machang Town and Longji Town in Shuyang County,Jiangsu Province were investigated,and their stool samples were collected and detected by Kato-Katz technique,and in addition,the chil-dren aged 3-12 years were examined by the cellophane anal swab method,in 2011 and 2012. Results In 2011,the total infec-tion rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infection rate of hookworm was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infec-tion rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 0,the infection rate of Trichuris trichiura was 0,and the infection rate of Enterobius vermicu-laris was 0;In 2012,the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 0.99%(11/1 106),the infection rate of hookworm was 0.27%(3/1 106),the infection rate of A. lumbricoides was 0.09(1/1 106),the infection rate of T. trichiura was 0,and the in-fection rate of E. vermicularis was 2.69%(7/223). Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County is low,but the surveillance is still necessary.

The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To study the clinical value of plasma BNP level in evaluation cardiac function of children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease.Methods 32 children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease were selected as the observation group.Then according to the heart load capacity,the observation group children were further divided into right ventricular group(14 cases) and left ventricular group(18 cases).20 cases of normal children were selected as the control group.Then plasma BNP level was determined by ELISA and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),right ventricular end diastolic diameter(RVEDD),pulmonary blood flow/systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) and left heart Tei indices were determined by echocardiography.Results In the right ventricular group,the BNP level was (360.21 ± 56.78) ng/L,LVEDD was (35.71 ± 6.98) mm,RVEDD was (25.04 ± 5.52) mm,Qp/Qs was (1.74 ± 0.24) and left heart Tei index was (0.34 ±0.12).And in the left ventricular group,the BNP level was (384.57 ±55.18) ng/L,LVEDD was (45.27 ±7.26)mm,RVEDD was (12.34 ±2.18)mm,Qp/Qs was (1.78 ±0.19) and left heart Tei index was (0.36 ±0.11),which were significantly higher than those in the control group (F =307.00,18.92,84.24,91.47,3.44,all P ＜ 0.05).LVEF of the observation group had no obvious difference compared with the control group (F =1.51,P ＞0.05).The plasma BNP level of the right ventricular group was positively correlated with RVEDD,Qp/Qs and left heart Tei index (r =0.634,0.721,0.647,all P ＜ 0.05).The plasma BNP level of the left ventricular group was positively correlated with LVEDD,Qp/Qs and left heart Tei index(r =0.547,0.794,0.745,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation between the plasma BNP level and LVEF of the observation group.Conclusion The plasma BNP level can help evaluation the early cardiac function of children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease,and combined with echocardiography can accurately reflect the early cardiac function of the left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease,which can provide basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate whether cochlear hair cells occur apoptosis following kanamycin treatment in guinea pigs. Methods It was comprised of two groups of six animals each. Experiment group and control group were subjected to administration of kanamycin,im,400 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,and saline respectively for successive 10 days. One week later, animals were sacrificed. Left cochlea and right cochlea were taken for cochlea preparation and cochlea section respectively. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(d-UTP) nick end-labling(TUNEL) method.Results Apoptosis was present in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells as well as marginal cells of stria vascularis except for the spiral ganglion cells in kanamycin treatment guinea pigs. No apoptosis was detected in control animals. Conclusion Apoptosis of cochlear cells play important role in kanamycin ototoxicity.

OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of Weichangkang capsule(WCK) on the function of gastrointestinal tract.MET-HODS:The effects on movement of charcoal powder in mice and secretion of digestive enzyme and absorption of D-xylopyranose into serum in rats were studied.RESULTS:WCK capsule markedly increased the movement of charcoal powder in mice,secretion of digestive enzyme and absorption of D-xylopyranose into serum in rats.CONCLUSION:WCK capsule could obviously improve the dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract.

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) is one of persistent organic pollutants which are widely exist in environment.This review described PCBs characteristics and toxicity on animals and human livers.Before now,it was identified that PCBs caused liver damage and hepatocarcinogenicity for animals.However,occupational studies and long-term,low level exposure studies to human beings have found no direct correlation between PCBs exposure and liver damage and carcinogenicity,only accidental environmental exposures have found increased mortality of liver disease.But high morbidity of human liver cancer and detected PCBs in the environment were reported in some regions.It is evident that more researches should be done.