The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To analyze the epidemical distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province in recent 30 years,so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in the future. Methods The literature related to intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province from 1984 to 2012 was searched and the infection data in them were sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 26 papers were obtained. In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of Trich-uris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in Jiangsu Province decreased gradually,but the infection levels in northern Ji-angsu were higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu. In northern and central of Jiangsu Province,the descent speed of the intestinal nematode infection levels was faster before 2000,and then it slowed down after 2000. In southern Jiangsu,the descent speed of the infection level of A. lumbricoides was the fastest,but the infection level of T. trichiura with slight fluctuation kept rela-tively steady. From 1984 to 1989,the infection rates of the 3 intestinal nematodes above-mentioned in all age groups were high, and those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were above 20%and 30%,respectively,and the infection rates of hookworm in mid-dle aged and elderly populations were relatively high. From 1990 to 2000,the infection rates of A. lumbricoides in children and teenager as well as that of hookworm in the people aged from 40 to 70 years were high,but those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides in the people above 70 years old were low. During the period of 2001 to 2012,the middle aged and elderly population and children were still the high-risk groups of hookworm and A. lumbricoides infections,respectively. Conclusions In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of intestinal nematodes in Jiangsu Province have decreased year by year,but the infection levels in northern Jiangsu are still higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu,which means that the northern Jiangsu is the key area of intestinal nema-todiasis control. Meanwhile,the A. lumbricoides infection rate of children and T. trichiura infection rate of the middle aged and el-derly population are high,which suggests that the control should put emphasis on the key population.

Objective To explore the status of infections of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County,Jiang-su Province from 2011 to 2012. Methods Totally 2 140 residents of Machang Town and Longji Town in Shuyang County,Jiangsu Province were investigated,and their stool samples were collected and detected by Kato-Katz technique,and in addition,the chil-dren aged 3-12 years were examined by the cellophane anal swab method,in 2011 and 2012. Results In 2011,the total infec-tion rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infection rate of hookworm was 1.06%(11/1 034),the infec-tion rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 0,the infection rate of Trichuris trichiura was 0,and the infection rate of Enterobius vermicu-laris was 0;In 2012,the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 0.99%(11/1 106),the infection rate of hookworm was 0.27%(3/1 106),the infection rate of A. lumbricoides was 0.09(1/1 106),the infection rate of T. trichiura was 0,and the in-fection rate of E. vermicularis was 2.69%(7/223). Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County is low,but the surveillance is still necessary.

Objective To sum m arize the key points, difficulties and relevant practical experiences for ana-lyzing the scene of solved intentional hom icide cases. Methods The data of 88 solved intentional hom i-cide cases in a county from 2004 to 2013 w ere collected and the retrospective analysis w as perform ed. Results The num ber of local fem ale victim s obviously higher than non-local fem ale victim s and the num ber of non-local suspects is obviously higher than local suspects. The num ber of M ale suspects show ed higher com pared w ith the fem ale. M ost of them w ere tem porary w orkers, unem ploym ent or farm ers w ith less education backgrounds. The m ain causes of victim s’ death w ere m echanical injury or asphyxia. The m urders w ere acquaintances in m ost intentional hom icide cases. The m otive of the stranger m urders w as com m only m oney. The m urder behavior types of hom icide cases w ere related w ith people, m oney and sexual assault. C am ouflage and guilty behavior show ed the m ost significance. Conclusion The accurate identification of suspects is one of the m ost im portant task in forensic investigation and re-flects the im portance of the crim inal scene analysis for intentional hom icide cases. It also provides the direction of future research.

Drug addiction is a chronic,relapsing brain disorder,which develops,in part,because of aberrant learning and memory. Accumulative studies during recent decades demonstrated that addictive drug hijacks the normal memory circuit in the brain to form a long-lasting drug reward memory,which determines relapse to addictive drug. In this review,we will describe what has been learned about drug reward memory,especially focused on one of the associative drug reward memory models,drug-induced conditioned place preference. Drug reward memory is a dynamic process,which consists of several stages,including acquisition,consolidation,maintenance,retrieval,reconsolidation and extinction. Interventions with pharmacological in these memory processes will differentially regulate drug reward memory. Furthermore , the recently developed novel pure behavioral procedure according to the hypothesis of memory processes,e.g. post-retrieval extinction,could erase drug reward memory,which shows more advantages than the pharmacological medications that used in memory studies. Finally, we discussed two major methodological issues in drug reward memory,procedure and timing,which should be carefully considered when designing the related studies and interpreting the results from related studies. So far,it is not sure whether it is feasible to develop a pharmacological medication that only erases drug reward memory without impairing normal memories,we propose that inhibition of drug reward memory would be a good strategy to limit the risk of relapse to addictive drug. Although current findings on drug reward memory benefits little for treatment of drug addiction,the ongoing studies on drug reward memory will provide a promising strategy for reducing the risk of relapse to addictive drug.

[Objective]To analyze the causes of perioperative periprothetic fracture with hip arthroplasty and discuss the prevention and treatment of the fracture.[Method]18 of 640 THR cases occurred femoral fracture from July 1995 to August 2006,11 with intraoperative fracture and 7 with postoperative fracture,12 were and 6 female,the mean age 68 years(range:51 to 79 years).According to AAOS'standard,18 cases were divided into 6 types:1 of I type,6 of II type,4 of III type,4 of IVa type,2 of IVb type,1 of V type and 2 of VI type.10 of 11 cases of intraoprative fracture were operated immediately with internal fixation,and one of II type was treated with conservative method.4 of 7 cases of postoperative fracture were operated with open reduction and internal fixation in two weeks,2 cases with loosen stem were operated by revision hip,and one of V type was treated with conservative method because of other disease.[Result]The mean followed up perioid were 15.2 months(rang:6 to 42 months),15 fractures united,2 delayed united and 1 dead after 8 months postoperatively.The average scores were 80 according to Harris'standard(range:67 to 92).[Conclusion]Violence、abnormal of femur cannal、osteoprosis and bigger prothesis are the main causes of intraoperatively peri-prothetic femur fracture after THA,and loosening、 osteoperosis and outside injury are the main causes of postoperatively periprothetic femoral fracture,different treatment should be used according to the different types.

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) is one of persistent organic pollutants which are widely exist in environment.This review described PCBs characteristics and toxicity on animals and human livers.Before now,it was identified that PCBs caused liver damage and hepatocarcinogenicity for animals.However,occupational studies and long-term,low level exposure studies to human beings have found no direct correlation between PCBs exposure and liver damage and carcinogenicity,only accidental environmental exposures have found increased mortality of liver disease.But high morbidity of human liver cancer and detected PCBs in the environment were reported in some regions.It is evident that more researches should be done.

[Objective]To study the reason of loosening prothesis by observing the interface membranes harvested during the hip revision operation.[Method]Thirty eight specimens of interface membranes around the loosening prothesis were harvested from thirty eight patients who underwent the revision of total hip replacement.All the specimens were underwent outer observation,light and scanning electronic microscopic observation.[Result]All the gap of the loosening prothesis were filled with interface membranes with different thickness.A large number of the foreign pelletand bone pieces were found under scanning electronic microscope.[Conclusion]Interface membranes growed and filled in the gap between the loosening prothesis and bone(or bone cement).The wear debris stimulated the interface membrane to release bone resorption factors which caused the prothesis loosening,and the more loosening,the more large gap appeared,and the more resorption factors released from the interface membranes due to the debris stimulating,which formed vicious circle.Cutting the link of the circle could decrease the loosening rates.

N-acetyltransferase are phase II code proteins with overlapping substrate specifici-DMEs, and two highly similar human NAT gene ty. NAT2 is a polymorphic acetyltransferase gene (designated NAT1 and NAT2) are shown to en- locus and "slow acetylation" in humans is due tonutations in the single coding exon of the NAT2 gene. It was also demonstrated that there exist discrete NAT1 structural variants, and differences in tissue levels of NAT1 among humans are related to specific sequence differences in the NAT1 structural gene. Biochemical studies have shown that NAT1 and NAT2 play an important role in the metabolism of some carcinogens, epidemiological studies have revealed an association between ploy-morphisms of NATs and increased cancer risk.Metabolic phenotypes/genotypes can significantly influence DAN adduct formation and could ultimately lead to alterations in cancer risk. If unequivocal biomarkers of genetic susceptibility to cancer can be developed successfully, then identification of individuals at increased risk would be very helpful in the fields of public health and preventive medicine.

This retrospective study was designed to analyze the early therapeutic outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves'disease. According to the follow up result after one year treatment, patients were divided into two groups on the basis of whether there was signs of hypothyroidism. 46 patients with hypothyroidism, 60 patients without hypothyroidism were selected randomly. The SAS software was used to assess the outcome of early hypothyroidism and the thyroid weight, the peak of 131 I uptake, absorption value by per gram of thyroid tissue, thyroglobulin autoantibody (TGA), and thyroid microsome autoantibody (TMA) levels. Rank sum test, t test and ? 2 test were used to compare the variable parameters between the two groups. Thyroid weight ( P =0 0106) and the peak of 131 I uptake ( t =2 1725, P =0 0321) between two groups had significant difference. The absorption value of the thyroid tissue ( P =0 4420), thyroid autoantibody (? 2 =1 156, P =0 282) had no significant difference between two groups. Patients with smaller gland weight and lower 131 I uptake had an inclination to have early hypothyroidism. Absorption value by per gram of thyroid, TGA and TMA levels had no influence on the outcome of 131 I treatment