syuclein is regarded as a presynaptic protein, which may play an important role in neuronal plasticity. However, abnormal accumulation of fibrillar ?-synuclein and mutation of ?-synuclein gene can affect the survival of neurons. Its aggregation and interaction with other proteins are the most critical factors. ?-synuclein is a precursor of non-amyloid component of senile plaques in Alzheimers disease. It is likely that ?-synuclein is associated with Alzheimers pathology. In this paper, we summarize the progress in the normal physical function of ?-synuclein and the mechanism in Alzheimers disease.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and side effects of thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone in the treatment of previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma ( MM ). Methods Eighteen MM patients were treated with thalidomide combined with dexmethasone. Thalidomide was given orally at an initial dose of 100 mg/d once per night, and then gradually increased to the maximum dose of 400 mg/d at a rate of 100 mg/d per week, according to individual tolerance. Dexamethasone was given at 40 mg/d either orally or intravenously on days 1 -4,9 - 12 and days 17 -20. All patients were treated at least for 3 cycles, with twenty-eight days as a cycle. Results The overall efficacy of the 18 patients was 78% ,among which,2 cases achieved complete remission (CR) (11%) ,4 cases achieved partial remission (CR)(22% ), and 8 cases had improvement (45%) ,while 4 cases had no effect (22%) .The main side effects included constipation, hypersomnia, fatigue and acroanesthesia. Conclusions The combination of thalidomide with dexamethasone is effective in patients with previously untreated MM ,with slight side effects and high tolerance.

Critically ill children are often complicated with multiple organ damage. When the pancreas was involved, kinds of pancreatic enzymes would elevate, which suggested the high risk complication of pancreatic damage was really existed. The changes of pancreatic enzymes under different critical conditions such as shock, surgery, injury, etc. were reviewed, as well as the clinical significance of different pancreatic enzymes, so as to provide evidence for acknowledge the early biological signs in early phase of critically ill children with pancreatic damage,to decrease the mortality of complications and to improve the prognosis of critically ill children.

Although non-invasive images provide primary diagnosis for coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease patients,coronary angiography(CAG) remained to be considered as a gold standard for delineating the anatomy of the dilated or stenosis coronary arteries.The indications of CAG,timing,key points of the procedure and also percutaneous coronary intervention are discussed.

[Objective] To explore the academic thoughts of Scientific Acupuncture Study.[Method] Using traditional philological research methods, careful reading of the original text of the book to summarize. [Result] Academic thought of Scientific Acupuncture Therapy can be summarized as: acupuncture treatment principle is scientific;acupoint location has the correct standard; treatment principle of each syndrome; internal and external factors of the com-bined use of Chinese and western treatment of disease and analysis of acupuncture treatment success.[Conclusion] The combination of TCM and western medicine,acupuncture and moxibustion medicine is worth our reference and study.

OBJECTIVE： A RP-HPLC method for determination of ribavirin in ribavirin eye drops was developed.METHODS： In the method,μ Bondapak C18 ODS was used as the stationary phase and water as the mobile phase with the detection wavelength at 207nm.RESULTS： The linear range of ribavirin was 12.5～100.0μ g/ml(r=0.9 994,n=5).The average recovery rate was 98.47％ ,RSD=0.92％ (n=5).CONCLUSION： This method is accurate,rapid and simple for the determination of ribavirin in ribavirin eye drops.

AIM To determine whether the previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal immunocompetence in rats hot ischemie-reperfusion injury animal model. METHODS The Lewis rats were filled continuously for 48 h with a range density dopamin (2,5,10 ?g?kg -1 ?min -1 ) before hot ischemia. Served as contrast, the male Lewis rats were filled with NaCl. After pressing the left renal artery for 1 hour, we analysed the right renal HO-1 amount, and after 5 d, the left renal was taken for immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal monocyte infiltration and expression of MHC-Ⅱ as well as raise renal HO-1 amount. CONCLUSION The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce ischemie-reperfusion injury renal immunocompetence.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics, Methods To analyze retrospectively the clinical data of 107 geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding confirmed by gastroscope or operation and another 136 non - geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases were compared. Results The most common reason of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics is peptic ulcer(34. 58% ) .followed by gastric cancer with 18. 69%. 28. 03% of bleeding did not have typical clinical manifestation. The rates of re - bleeding, multi - bleeding and heavy bleeding were 64. 48% ,21. 5% and 2804% , respectively. The bleeding time more than one week occurred in 25. 23% of the patients,bleeding mortality was 13. 08% . 27. 10% of patients were misdiagnosis at primary visit, which had statistical difference comparing with non - geriatric patients,P

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economical effects of four treatment schemes on type2diabetes.METHODS:Four treatment schemes(Group A:Acarbose;Group B:Gliclazide+Metformin;Group C:Insulin;Group D:Repaglinide+Met?formin)of type2diabetes were compared by a cost-effect analysis method in pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:After treatment for3months,fasting blood glucose level of four schemes were of significant differences(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Blood sug_ ar level can be controlled to an ideal level through the four treatment schemes;while Group D is better considering the sensi?tivity of organism to insulin,the function of?cell and the overall efficiency.

AIM: To develop a HPLC fingerprint of flavones in Grynostemma pentaphyllum for the quality evaluation. METHODS: To extract flavones in G.pentaphyllum by reflux with methanol.After being optimized the HPLC condition,the fingerprint of flavones in G.pentaphyllum was developed and validated.10 batches of G.pentaphyllum were then analysed. RESULTS: 7 peaks in fingerprint profile were selected as characteristic peaks for validation.In precision,stability and repeatability studies,the RSDs of relative retention time and relative peak area were less than 0.5% and 5%,respectively.Similarities of the 10 batches of G.pentaphyllum were more than 0.8. CONCLUSION: The HPLC fingerprint of flavones in G.pentaphyllum can be used for quality evaluation of flavones in G.pentaphyllum.