Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) is one of persistent organic pollutants which are widely exist in environment.This review described PCBs characteristics and toxicity on animals and human livers.Before now,it was identified that PCBs caused liver damage and hepatocarcinogenicity for animals.However,occupational studies and long-term,low level exposure studies to human beings have found no direct correlation between PCBs exposure and liver damage and carcinogenicity,only accidental environmental exposures have found increased mortality of liver disease.But high morbidity of human liver cancer and detected PCBs in the environment were reported in some regions.It is evident that more researches should be done.

Objective To explore the relationship between postoperative cancer-related fatigue and nutritional risk in patients with colorectal cancer. Method Using convenience sampling method, 159 postoperative colorectal cancer patients were interviewed with cancer-related fatigue scale and PG-SGA 7 days after operation. Results The average score of CRF was (21.28 ± 6.06). The score by PG-SGA was (15.18 ± 5.55). About 94.34%patients were in need of nutritional intervention. The postoperative cancer-related fatigue was positively related to PG-SGA scores(all P<0.05). Conclusions The postoperative colorectal cancer patients are at a high risk of malnutrition, with nutrition risk positively related with somatic cancer-related fatigue. The clinical nursing staff should pay attention to the nutritional status of patients and correct their malnutrition so as to reduce the symptoms of cancer-related fatigue.

OBJECTIVE To control abuse use of antibiotics.METHODS Various methods were used to strengthen the management of antibacterials,for example,fully exert the rational use antibiotics,enforce the training of the doctors and nurses for the rational use of the antibiotics,and stipulate the rules and principles for the use of antibiotics.RESULTS The management of antibacterials was strengthened,and the rational use of antibiotics was improved.CONCLUSIONS To enhance surveillance of antibacterial use and prevent antibacterial unrational use are propitious to control occurrence of nosocomial infections.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of ultrafiltration extract from Angelica Sinensis Radix and Hedysari Radix on PC12 cell apoptosis induced by H2O2; To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods H2O2 was used in the incubation of PC12 cells to establish the oxidative damage nerve cell apoptosis model. The experiment was divided into normal control group, model group, and three different dosages (0.375, 0.75, 1.5 g/L) of ultra-filtration extracted from Angelica Sinensis Radix and Hedysari Radix after modeling for interference. Rate of cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy; the protein expressions of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group, rates of cell apoptosis in the different dosage groups decreased significantly; membrane potential of mitochondria increased; the protein expressions of cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax decreased; the expression of Bcl-2 increased; the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax increased (P<0.05).Conclusion The ultra-filtration extracted from Angelica Sinensis Radix and Hedysari Radix can inhibit PC12 cell apoptosis induced by H2O2.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the adverse drug reactions of 6 kinds of quinolones in order to provide information for clinically rational use of drugs.METHODS The adverse drug reactions of quinolones such as norfloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,fleroxacin and rufloxacin used in outpatients during Feb to May 2007 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The main adverse drug reactions were seen in gastrointestinal system,nervous system,immune system,respiratory system,urinary system etc.From them the symptoms of gastrointestinal system and nervous system were prominent.CONCLUSIONS In use of quinolones it should think highly to their adverse drug reactions.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of escitalopram on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation,saline control and escitalopram intervention groups (n =25 in each group).A focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in rats was induced by the intraluminal suture method.The modified neurological severity scale was used to evaluate neurological deficit in rats (n =5 in each group).Laser confocal technology was used to observe the microvascular diameter,density,and total area in ischemic region (n =5 in each group).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (n =5 in each group).Immunohistochemical staining (n =5 in each group) and Western blotting (n =5 in each group) were used to detect the expression of VEGF in the ischemic brain tissue.Results At day 14 after modeling,the neurological deficit improved more significantly in the escitalopram intervention group than that in the saline control group (4.39 ±0.92 vs.6.57 ± 1.13; P =0.015).The 3D confocal vascular imaging showed that capillary diameter in the escitalopram intervention group was significantly smaller than that in the saline control group (2.93 ± 0.19 μm vs.3.56 ± 0.22 μm; P ＜0.01); the vascular density was significantly higher than that in the saline control group (232.68 ±12.54/0.002 mm3 vs.176.26 ± 10.87/0.002 mm3; P=0.000); the total microvascular area was significantly greater than that in the saline control group (89 154± 3 298 μm2/0.002 mm3 vs.75 368.14± 3 519 μm2/0.002 mm3; P=0.000).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the plasma VEGF concentration in the escitalopram intervention group was significantly higher than that in the saline control group (50.35 ± 5.44 pg/ml vs.13.75 ± 4.12 pg/ml; P =0.000).Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the VEGF expression in ischemic brain tissue in the escitalopram intervention group was significantly higher than that in the saline control group (P =0.000).Western blotting showed that the VEGF expression in ischemic brain tissue in the escitalopram intervention group was significantly higher than that in the saline control group (0.94 ±0.18 vs.0.62 ±0.22; P =0.006).Conclusions Escitalopram may reduce neurological deficit in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.Its mechanisms may be associated with VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.

Objective To explore the expressions of stromal cell derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α) and cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Forty hospitalized SLE patients were recruited and twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal controls.The percentage of CD3+CD4+CXCR4+,CD3+CD8+CXCR4+ and the plasma concentration level of SDF-1α in the control group and SLE patients were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA.The relationship between SDF-1α/CXCR4 and SLEDAI was explored.Kruskal-Wallis H,Pearson's and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.Results the expression of SDF-1α [329 (127,539) pg/ml] and CXCR4 [CD3+CD4+CXCR4+:4.20(2.01,6.35)％,CD3+CD4+CXCR4+:2.70(1.68,4.20)％] were significantly elevated in SLE patients when compared to the normal controls (Z=-6.277,-5.707,-4.885,respectively,all P=0.000),and were significantly increased in highly active SLE patients than less active SLE (Z=-5.414,-5.256,-5.312,P＜0.01).The expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in the butterfly erythema group,anemia group and proteinuria group were significantly higher than the normal group (P＜0.05).Both SDF-1αand CXCR4 were positively correlated with SLEDAI (r=0.857,0.830,0.861,respectively,all P＜0.01).Conclusion The expressions of SDF-1α and CXCR4 increase significantly in the peripheral blood of SLE patients and there is close relationship between SDF-1α/CXCR4 and disease activity,organ damage.The results of this study suggestthat SDF-1α/CXCR4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To summarize the pathogenic spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI) in children,and to provide evidence for clinical antiinfection treatment.Methods During January 2004 to December 2011,the clinical data and drug susceptibility results of 168 children who were diagnosed with HABSI based on positive results of pathogen tests were reviewed retrospectively in Yuying Children's Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College.Results A total of 171 strains were isolated from blood specimens of the 168 children.The majority of HABSI occurred in the intensive care unit (73.7 ％),followed by department of hematology (22.6％).Gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria and fungi accounted for 53.8％,34.5％ and 11.7％,respectively.The predominant pathogens were Stagphylococcus epidermidis (14.1％),followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (13.5 ％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (7.6％),Staphylococcus aureus (6.4％),Enterococcus faecium (6.4％) and Escherichia coli (6.4 ％).Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to methicillin were detected in 9.1 ％ and 91.7 ％ of specimens,respectively.Staphylococcus and enterococcus which were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid were not detected.The isolation rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were 95.7％ and 72.7％,respectively.One hundred and sixty cases (95.2 ％) had underlying diseases including premature birth and low birth weight (60.7％).One hundred and twenty-six cases (75.0％) underwent invasive procedures.The peak incidence of HABSI occurred in children less than 3 months old (75.6％).Conclusions HABSI is most common in infants younger than 3 months old,with underlying diseases or undergone invasive procedures.The pathogens are mainly gram-positive bacteria.Very low birth weight infants can acquire unusual infection of Kodamaea ohmeri.Thus,it is essential to strengthen the prevention of hospital-acquired infection.

Objective To analyze the survey results of iodine nutritional level among women of childbearing age,pregnant,lactating women and infants before and after the adjustment of iodine concentration in salt of Zibo City,in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable iodine supplement.Methods The iodine content in the residents' edible salt samples was determined in 2011 and 2015.Four groups of target populations including women of childbearing age,pregnant,lactating women and infants from 7 districts and towns of Zibo were investigated to test their urinary iodine level in 2011 and 2015.The monitoring results of the two years were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 2 100 and 2 160 residents edible salt were monitored in 2011 and 2015,and the median of salt iodine were 30.2 and 22.7 mg/kg,there was statistically significant difference in the constitute of salt iodine level between the two years (x2 =141.90,P ＜ 0.01).A total of 354,402,403,362 urine samples of women of childbearing age,pregnant,lactating women and infants' were detected and the median urinary iodine were 161.80,127.20,138.80,147.10 μg/L in 2011,and 350,706,350 and 352 of the corresponding target population's urine samples were detected and the median urinary iodine were 127.80,129.95,70.20 and 152.35 μg/L in 2015.Conclusions The salt iodine median has reduced and the urinary iodine in childbearing age women and infant is in the appropriate level,while it is insufficient in the pregnant women and lactating women after the adjustment of iodized salt concentration in Zibo.It is necessary to promote health education and instruct pregnant women and lactating women to supplement iodine,additionally,surveillance of the iodine nutrition status of the targeted populations should be strengthened.

Aim To optimize extraction of polysaccha-rides from Dendrobium officinale ( DOP ) and investi-gate the effects of DOP on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in vascular endothelial cell of human umbilical vein ( HUVEC) by the induction of high sugar. Meth-ods Response surface methodology ( RSM ) was em-ployed to optimize the conditions for extraction of DOP on the basis of single factor experiment. The HUVEC cells were divided into the blank control group, the normal blood sugar group, the high sugar stimulation group and different drug concentration group plus the high sugar stimulation group. The growth condition of cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) , and RT-PCR was used to detect the expres-sion of Bcl-2 Assaciated X protein ( Bax ) and B-cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ) in vascular endothelial cells after 24 and 48 hours. Results The optimal extraction time was 2 h and the optimal liquid-solid ratio was 15. 75∶1 ( mL/g ) , and the optimal extraction frequency was 2. 8. Under these optimized conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharides was 25. 1%, while the experi-mental extraction rate was 24. 9%, which was highly fit with the regression model. Compared with normal sugar group, high sugar group reduced the growth of cells and enhanced the expression of Bax, and inhibi-ted the expression of Bcl-2 . DOP promoted the growth of cells in high sugar induction, inhibited the expres-sion of Bax, and enhanced the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusions The process optimized through RSM has the extraction effect, and has certain practical signifi-cance. Through the down-regulation of the expression of Bax in vascular endothelial cells and the up-regula-tion of the expression of Bcl-2 by the induction of high sugar, DOP can restrain HUVEC, which could prevent and cure diabetic angiopathy to some extent.