Objective To identify the role of resistin in insulin resistance(IR) by endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) and in rats.Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro and disposed by resistin (R) or tauro ursodesoxycholic acid (tudca).Expressions of GRP78, P-akt and P-eNOS were determined using Western blotting.Thoracic aortic rings were made and their dilation function exposed to different concentrations of insulin was detected.Changes of vascular morphology were observed by HE staining.Results Results of Western blotting showed that expression of GRP78 was remarkably increased,but P-akt and P-eNOS were markedly decreased in R group.However, there was no difference in expressions of GRP78, P-akt and P-eNOS between tudca group and control group.The insulin induced vasodilation was decreased in R group and there was no difference between tudca group and control.Using HE staining, the R group showed significant medial thickening and proliferation of smooth muscle.Conclusion Resistin can induce insulin resistance in vascular endothelium cells by ER stress.

Objective To study the effect of high frequency stimulation (HFS) in pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) on the neuronal activities of globus pallidus internus (Gpi) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) model rats, and the mechanisms there-of. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, control group (n=30) and PD model group (n=40). PD rat model was established by the injection of 6-OHDA into substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) on the right side of the brain with stereotactic technique. Electrophysiological recordings were made in anaesthetized rats to investigate the ef-fects of HFS-PPN on the firing rate of the GPi neurons. Brain microdialysis combined with high-performance liquid chroma-tography was applied to detect glutamate (Glu) andγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in GPi. Results HFS-PPN caused an excitatory reaction of the majority of neurons recorded in the GPi in PD model group and control group. The mean firing rate of GPi excited neurons was significantly increased (P﹤0.01). The levels of Glu were reduced under HFS-PPN and the levels of GABA were not affected (P>0.05).Conclusion HFS-PPN heightened the electrical activity of GPi neurons and re-duced the level of Glu. These excitatory effects were probably realized by PPN-GPi direct path or other indirect path.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in assisted reproductive technique .Methods The clinical data of 179 cases with moderate and severe OHSS receiving in vitro fertili‐zation‐embryo transfer (including ICSI) in the hospital from June 2012 to April 2013 were analyzed retrospectively .According to the clinical characteristic ,the OHSS was classified as as the moderate type and severe type ,and the late type and early type . Results It was no statistics difference between moderate type and severe type in the patients age ,number of retrieved oocytes ,ad‐mission transaminase ,proportion of fibrinogen normal numbers(P> 0 .05) .But it was a statistics difference between moderate type and severe type in the occurring time days of hospitalization ,hematocrit on admission ,albumin value ,transaminase maximum ,albu‐min dosage used ,proportion of paracentesis number ,pregnancy rate(P < 0 .05) .It was no statistics difference between early type and late type in the patients age ,admission transaminase ,proportion of fibrinogen normal numbers(P> 0 .05) .But it was a statistics difference between early type and late type in the number of retrieved oocytes ,the proportion of moderate OHSS patients ,days of hospitalization ,hematocrit on admission ,albumin value ,transaminase maximum ,albumin dosage used ,proportion of paracentesis number ,pregnancy rate(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Synthesizing OHSS patients′ blood indexes ,we can evaluated patients′ pathogenet‐ic condition ,the treatment of disease ,and took appropriate preventive measures as soon as possible .Patients with late type may be have more severe pathogenetic condition than patients with early type .

Objective To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced expres_sion of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mouse cochlea .Methods Sixty BALB/c mice were ran_domly divided into 4 groups (15 mice in each group) and received introperitoneal injection once daily for 5 days:Control group (normol saline) ,UA group (80 mg/kg/day) ,CDDP group (4 .5 mg/kg/day) ,and CDPP (4 .5 mg/kg/day) plus UA group (80 mg/kg/day) .The expression of TRPV1 in mouse cochlea was determined by immuno_histochemistry ,microscope image analysis and western blot ,and auditory thresholds were evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement .ResuIts The expression of cochlea TRPV1 and ABR threshold shift was significantly increased in the mice treated with CDDP (P< 0 .05) ,as compared with control mice .These effects were prevented by UA treatment (all P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,a linear relationship analysis revealed that the ex_pression of cochlea TRPV1 was significantly correlated with ABR threshold shift(|r|>0 .7 , P<0 .05) .ConcIusion UA effectively attenuated CDDP -induced ototoxicity and improved auditory function through inhibition of TR_PV1 .

Objective To explore the mechanism of the low-frequency electrical stimulate on pedunculopontine nu-cleus to treat the Parkinson (PD) through observinge the low-frequency electrical stimulation of Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in PD rat model and the effects of neurotransmitters (GPi) neurons discharge in the medial part of the globus pallidus. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly assigned to the control group and the PD model group, with 15 in each group. PD model was established through injecting 6-OHDA into Substantia nigra compact (SNc) of black rat. Effect of low frequency electrical stimulation, micro-electrophoresis glutamate (Glu) and its receptor blocking breaking agent MK-801,γ-aminobu-tyric acid (GABA) and its receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC) on discharge of rat neuron GPi was examined using extracel-lular unit recording methods through seven glass microelectrode recording. Results When stimulated by low frequency electrical stimulation of PPN, reactions from the control group and neuronal response GPi in PD rats were inhibited. The aver-age discharge frequency was reduced compared to pre-stimulation (P < 0.01). Micro-electrophoresis and BIC Glu excite neurons while microiontophoresis MK-801 and GABA restrain neurons. In the background of micro-electrophoresis BIC’s excitatory effects on neuron, low-frequency electrical stimulation on PPN reduced neuronal firing frequency. And in the background of inhibition effect of micro-electrophoresis MK-801, low-frequency stimulation PPN further restrain neuronal discharge frequency. Conclusion Low frequency electrical stimulation inhibits GPi PPN neuronal activity probably though regulating neurons projecting to the Glu and GABA nerve pathways in GPi neuron.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate whether medial cerebellar nucleus may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression (PSD)and explore the pathway that mediates this effect.Methods Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group,stroke group,PSD group,medial cerebellar nucleus (Med)lesion group,and superior cerebellar peduncle (xscp)lesion group.The ethological score of depression was evaluated.The neurotransmitters of Glu and GABA in the lateral hypothalamic area were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Compared with those in control group,the levels of GABA and Glu expressions did not significantly differ in the lateral hypothalamic area in stroke group (P > 0.05 ).In contrast,the levels in PSD group,Med lesion group and xscp lesion group were lower than those in stroke group to different extent (P <0.01). Conclusion These results preliminarily show that medial cerebellar nucleus may participate in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression,which may be mediated by the cerebellum-hypothalamic pathway.

The practice of general practice emphasizes that the general practitioner is the backbone, and the primary health institution is the main body, which solves the main health problems of the commu-nity and meets the basic health service needs of the residents. Rehabilitation medicine occupies a prominent position in the community health service, and its related knowledge and skills are the important part of the whole medical education. However, rehabilitation medicine has more teaching contents, less training time and out-of-date teaching model, which have made the effect of rehabilitation medicine teaching not good. In the rehabilitation medicine teaching for training general practitioners, by strengthening the concept of reha-bilitation, elaborating teaching content, optimizing teaching ward-round, and outstanding ability as well as reforming evaluation way, we try to exercise the students' clinical thinking and improve clinical skills, to cultivate outstanding qualified general medical practitioners for community rehabilitation ultimately.

Objective:To analyze the impacts of the clinics-pharmacy separation reform on outpatient CT utilization and provide policy recommendations for the rational use, refined management and subsequent price adjustment for large-scale imaging equipments.Methods:The number of outpatient CT examinations of a tertiary public hospital in Beijing from January 1st, 2015 to April 30th, 2019 was collected. Data were analyzed using single-and multi-group interrupted time series analysis model(ITS), along with qualitative interviews.Results:The number of CT examinations increased by 0.216 per 100 visits after the reform( P<0.001). The trend of changes(slope)in the number of CT examinations increased by 0.012 person-times/month( P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the slope change of CT examinations between patients under Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and those under Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance( P=0.504). Conclusions:The reform has significantly increased the utilization of outpatient CT examinations. However, the impacts of the reform may be similar among patients covered by different insurance systems. The qualitative interviews imply it as necessary to pay attention to the overworking status of relevant practitioners and be alert to the excessive use of large-scale imaging equipments.

Background and purpose:Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), which has been found over-expressed in a variety of cancer cells, takes part in the drug resistance of cancer through effux of anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of human glioblastoma cells sensitivity to pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) eradicating tumour cells and its relationship to ABCG2.Methods:U87 and A172 glioma cell lines in the logarithmic growth phase were selected and exposed to the treatment of MPPa-PDT and MPPa-PDT+fumitremorgin C (FTC) respectively. The cell viability was measured with the use of CCK-8 assay. The expression of ABCG2 was detected by Western blot. The intracellular contents of MPPa in each group without illumination were tested by lfow cytometry. Flow cytometry with AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the cell apoptotic rate. DCFH-DA staining was used to assess the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results:The MPPa-mediated PDT could eradicate A172 and U87 cancer cells in an energy-dependent manner. The light energy density in A172 was 8 times of that in U87 when the cell viability reached median lethal dose after MPPa-mediated PDT. The high expression of ABCG2 in A172 cells affected the accumulation of intracellular MPPa. Inhibition of ABCG2, not only could enhance the eradicating effect of MPPa-PDT on A172 cells, but also could increase the yield of ROS triggered by MPPa-PDT and the accumulation of intracellular MPPa.Conclusion:The human glioblastoma cell line A172 is insensitive to MPPa-mediated PDT. The mechanism may relate to ABCG2, which decreases the MPPa content in cancer cells through effux of MPPa, resulting in decline of cytotoxicity.

Objective: To discuss the possible etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of epidermoid cysts of the jaw and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A case of an epidermoid cyst in the right mandible with retained deciduous teeth and succedaneous impacted teeth was reviewed and analyzed in combination with the relevant literature. Results: A patient presented with a mass in the right mandible that had persisted for 1 month after being found at imaging examination. Tooth 83 was retained, and tooth 43 was unerupted. Swelling was characterized by no obvious tenderness, fluctuation, or table tennis sensation and was observed in the lingual alveoli of teeth 83, 44, and 45. Imaging revealed a low-density shadow in the apex of teeth 83, 44, 45, and 46, approximately 1.9 cm × 2.6 cm × 1.6 cm in size, which wrapped around the dental crown of tooth 43. Preliminary diagnoses were as follows: right mandibular mass thought to be a dentigerous cyst; impacted tooth 43; and retained primary tooth 83. The mass in the right mandible was removed, and teeth 43 and 83 were extracted under intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. During the operation, the mass was observed to have a thin cyst wall and contained bean-like residue. Histopathological examination indicated an epidermoid cyst in the right mandible. At the 1-week follow-up examination, the patient reported no discomfort, and the surgical area showed good recovery. According to the literature, epidermoid cysts are benign cysts originating from ectopic ectodermal tissue that can occur throughout the body but rarely in the oral cavity and are even extremely rarer in the jaw. Epidermoid cysts of the jaw, which have no specific clinical manifestations, can be confused with odontogenic cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic tumors. Dental pulp tests and other techniques can serve as a reference for clinicians. The diagnosis is confirmed via histopathology. Surgical removal is a common treatment, with a good prognosis and a low recurrence rate. Conclusion The principle of treatment for an epidermoid cyst of the jaw is similar to that for a jaw cyst. The prognosis is good when the cyst is removed completely.