Objective To study the possible role of cytokines interleukin-1beta(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?)and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Methods The serum levels of IL-?,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-?,and GM-CSF were measured in50patients with vitiligo and20healthy volunteers with radioimmunoassay.Results The serum level of IL-6and GM-CSF in focal type and generalized type of vitiligo,and the serum level of IL-1?in generalized type were significantly higher than those in normal controls.In segmental type of vitiligo,the serum levels of all the cytokines tested were not significantly different from those in normal controls.The GM-CSF levels in focal type and generalized type,and the IL-6level in generalized type of the progressive stage were significantly higher than those in the stable stage.Conclusion IL-6and GM-CSF may be involved in the autoimmune mechanism of non-segmental type of vitiligo.

Objective To study the relationship between nitric oxide(NO)and some cytokines and the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Methods Nitric acid reductase assay and ELISA were used to determine the serum levels of NO,and IFN-?,IL-10and IL-12in32patients with vitiligo,compared with18normal controls.The levels of these molecules in suction blister fluids,including involved skin and uninvolved skin from20patients,were also determined.Results The serum levels of NO and IFN-?in vitiligo patients were significantly higher than those in controls,and the serum level of IL-10in the patients was significantly lower than that in controls.The serum level of IFN-?in generalized type of vitiligo and the serum level of NO in localized type of vitiligo in active stage were higher than those in stable stage.The NO level in suction blister fluid of localized vitiligo of involved skin was significantly higher than that of uninvolved skin.Conclusion These findings suggest that NO,IFN-?and IL-10might be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial respiratory chain in the hyperpermeability of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) induced by high glucose peritoneal glucose PDS was also added. Transmesothelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement was examined for detection of permeability damage in HPMCs. Immunostaining and Western blotting analysis were used to detect claudin-1 expression. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) Red staining and respiratory chain complexes activities were determined for detection of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial complexes activities. Results TER was decreased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after culture with high glucose PDS for was also down-regulated significantly by high glucose PDS (P＜0.01). Complex Ⅲ activity was inhibited (10.8% of control, P＜0.01) accompanied with increased mitochondrial ROS generation.These changes were partially prevented by glutathione. Conclusion Mitochondrial respiratory complex Ⅲ pathway has crucial importance in maintaining TER of HPMCs, which may reveal a valuable target for novel therapies to fight hyperpermeability of peritoneum during the prolonged PD treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)which were tested by immunity transmission turbidity in early kidney injury after elective percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods A case-control study was conducted.All 201 stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome patients undergone percutaneous coronary intervention in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital,during April to August 2013,were enrolled in this study.Before and 2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h,48 h after the operation,the plasma creatinine of the patient samples were tested by enzymic method.Before and 2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h after the operation,the plasma NGAL was tested by immunity transmission turbidity method.Before and 8 h,24 h after the operation,the urinary NGAL was tested by immunoturdimetric method.The data were compared between contrast induced nephrpathy (CIN) and non-CIN groups.For normal distribution of quantitative data,t test were used and for non-normal distribution of quantitative data,nonparametric rank and inspection were used.Results CIN occurred in 8 of 201 enrolled patients,the incidence was 3.98％.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the plasma NGAL in CIN,and the area under the curve(AUC) of 2 h plasma NGAL was 0.928,95％ CI 0.800-0.985,with the cut-off value NGAL as 109 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 100％ ;the AUC of 8 h plasma NGAL was 0.945,95％ CI 0.824-0.992,with the cut-off value NGAL as 96 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 87.5％ ;the AUC of 8 h urinary NGAL was 0.969,95％ CI 0.859-0.999,with the cutoff value NGAL as 91 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 100％.Conclusions The change of plasma and urinary NGAL is earlier to that of serum creatinine for the early diagnosis of CIN.It can be used as the predictor of early renal damage after elective coronary artery interventional.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Jintong capsule on model rats of Tourette syndrome (TS) and explore its probable pharmacological mechanisms.MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank control, TS model, haloperidol and three Jintong capsule treated groups. Model rats were copied by intraperitoneal injection of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). The stereotyped behaviors of model rats were recorded. Open field test was used to detect ability of space recognition of rats, high performance liquid chromatography was used to detect content of monoamines, and flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of T lymphocyte.ResultsJintong capsule can ameliorate the stereotyped behaviors of model rats, decrease content of dopamine in striatum and increase the ratio of CD4/CD8.ConclusionJintong capsule can improve behaviors of model rats. The potential mechanism of Jintong capsule maybe: it can affect the dopaminergic system of model rats, and Jintong can enhance the immune system of model rats.

Objective:To examine the expression ofphospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in renal tissues and the level of anti-PLA2R antibody in serum in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN),and to evaluate their diagnostic value in IMN.Methods:A total of 73 patients,who were diagnosed between May,2014 and February,2015 in the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,were divided into three groups:an IMN group (n=48),an SMN group (n=17) and a minimal change disease group (n=8) according to the renal biopsy.PLA2R expression in renal tissues and the level of antiPLA2R antibody in serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique.Results:The positive rate and fluorescence intensity for PLA2R in the renal tissues in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (91.7％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05),while the positive rate and serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (85.4％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05);the expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody were not detected in the minimal change disease group,The serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein (r=0.432,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.307,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody might be potential markers for diagnosis oflMN.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Early diagnosis is very important in preventing the development of DKD.Urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are widely accepted as criteria for the diagnosis and clinical grading of DKD,and microaibuminuria has been recommended as the first clinical sign of DKD.The natural history of DKD has been divided into three stages:normoalbuminuria,microalbuminuria,and macroalbuminuria.However,this clinical paradigm has been questioned recently,as studies have shown that a portion of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with normoalbuminuria have progressive renal insufficiency,referred to as normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (NADKD) or nonalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy.Epidemiologic research has demonstrated that normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease is common,and the large number of NADKD patients suggests that the traditional paradigm needs to be shifted.Currently,the pathogenesis of NADKD remains unclear,but many clinical studies have identified some clinical and pathological features of NADKD.In addition,the long-term outcomes of NADKD patients remain controversial.In this article,we reviewed the latest studies addressing the pathogenesis,pathology,treatment and prevention of NADKD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the new pathological classification of diabetic nephropathy (DN) published by Research Committee of the Renal Pathology Society in 2010. METHODS: Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 37 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with micro-albuminuria (MAU) or clinical albuminuria (CAU). These samples were classified according to new pathological classification for DN and new standard scores for interstitial vascular injury. RESULTS: Before the classification, DN was seen in 26 palients. After re-analysis according to the new pathological classification, the patients diagnosed with DN increased to 32. In these 32 DN patients, 1 was classified as type I, 3 as type IIa, 2 as type IIb, 23 as type III and 3 as type IV; 12 patients had mild interstitial injury, 15 had midrange interstitial injury, while 5 had severe interstitial injury. CONCLUSION The new pathological classification of DN can increase the diagnosis rate and attract more attention to tubular and interstitial damage in DN, contributing to the early diagnosis and treatment of DN.
Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; pathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; classification ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Standards ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the safety and cosmetic effect of nipple-sparing modified radical mas tectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation with single circumaereolar incision.Methods 30 patients were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Jan.2014 and Dec.2015.All the patients were categorized according to surgical incision (single circumaereolar incision group vs double incisions group).Data on clinicopathological parameters,average hospital stay,complications and overall cosmetic effect were retrospectively collected.Data was performed with Chi-square test,Fisher exact test and t-test.Statistical significance was defined as P＜0.05.Results 19 patients were enrolled in single circumaereolar incision group,and 11 patients in double incisions group.There was no significant difference for operation duration (P=0.093) and average hospital stay (P=0.339).After follow-up for 19.1 months,ranging from 8 to 31 months,no patients developed seroma or arm lymphedema.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of sensation in nippleaereolar area (P=0.973),bilateral symmetry (P=0.650) and overall cosmesis (P=0.483).Conclusion single circumaereolar incision nipple-sparing modified radical mastectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation can be one of the preferable surgical procedures with benefits of minimal invasiveness,reliable oncological safety and decent cosmetic effect.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of pre-gestational deafness-related mutation screening for the prevention and intervention of congenital deafness.

METHODSIn this study, 2168 couples with normal hearing were screened for common mutations associated with congenital deafness using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mutations have included GJB2 c.235delC and c.299_300delAT, SLC26A4 c.2168A>G and c.IVS7-2A>G, and mtDNA 12SrRNA c.1494C>T and c.1555A>G. For couples who have both carried heterozygous mutations of the same gene, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis were provided.

RESULTSAmong of the 4 336 individuals, 178 (4.06%) were found to carry a mutation. Mutation rate for c.235delC and c.299_300delAT of GJB2 gene, c.IVS7-2 A>G and c.2168 A>G of SLC26A4 gene, c.1555 A>G and c.1494 C>T of DNA 12S rRNA gene were 0.91%, 0.20%, 0.68%, 0.11%, 0.1% and 0.01%, respectively. For six couples who have both carried mutations of the same gene, all fetuses showed a normal karyotype, while DNA sequencing indicated that two fetuses have carried homozygous c.235delC mutation of the GJB2 gene, one carried a heterozygous c.235delC mutation of the GJB2 gene, one carried heterozygous mutation of GJB2 gene (c.299_300delAT), and two have carried a heterozygous mutation of c.IVS7-2A>G of the SLC26A4 gene.

CONCLUSIONPre-gestational screening for deafness gene mutation can facilitate avoidance the birth of affected children and has a great clinical value for the prevention and intervention of birth defect.

Connexins ; genetics ; Deafness ; congenital ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis