OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of navigation and robot technology on percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver tumor ablation. METHODS:The liver model tumors were placed inside excised calf livers, and the needle was guided into the tumor using either conventional ultrasound-guided method or two new methods-3D navigation and a method based on a robotic assistant. Totally 40 experiments were performed, and the distance (all methods) from the tip of the needle to the planning point in the tumors was measured.RESULTS: Based on the measurements, the robotic assistant performed better than both the 3D navigation and the conventional ultrasound-guided method. While, the 3D navigation performed better than the conventional ultrasound-guided method.CONCLUSTON: This study demonstrates navigation combined with robot technique is feasible to improve the precision of deploying ablation needles, future studies are warranted to optimize the system to meet requirements in clinical practice.

[Objective] To evaluate the treatment effect of the synovial chondromatosis of the hip through arthroscopy,and to describe the arthroscopic classification.[Methods]From March 2001 to May 2008,21 patients underwent arthroscopic management for primary synovial chondromatosis of the hip.Of the 21 patients,15 were male and 6 were female,aged from 17 to 49 years.The disease was located on the left side in 9 patients,the right side in 12.Anterior and anteriolateral approaches were selected for synovectomy and removal of free bodies.The peripheral compartment received traction,and curved scraper and Slide Winder Blade(the bending radio frequency)were used to deal with the acetabular fossa.[Results]The range of motion of the hip was improved and the pain was released after operation.MRI showed hydrops articuli was reduced or vanished.Harris hip score for the series of patients improved from 56.2 points preoperatively to 92 points at the mean follow-up of 45 months(11 to 96).Of the 21 patients,18(85.7%)had excellent or good outcomes.No recurrent case was found.[Conclusion]Hip arthroscopy proved beneficial for patients diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis of the hip.It had the advantages of minimal invasion,quick recover and satisfactory outcomes.Arthroscopic classification may guide the procedure and avoid omision of the free bodies.

BACKGROUND:Research on hand braces is relatively backward, which is difficult to be promoted widely. Zone II extensor tendon has a complex structure, and poor recovery is commonly seen after injury. The main treatment for zone II extensor tendon injury is the fixation with plaster slab, plywood and polymer materials, and up to now, there is no ideal brace for zone II extensor tendon injury.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of home-made multi-function hand brace on the repair of zone II extensor tendon injury.
METHODS:Seventy-six patients with zone II extensor tendon injury were randomly divided into test group and control group, with 38 in each group. In the test group, patients were given appropriate rehabilitation education and multi-function hand brace based apart from conventional hand surgery on zone II extensor tendon; in the control group, patients underwent conventional hand surgery and guiding functional training. Total active motion of the extensor tendons of fingers were evaluated at 1, 2, 3 months after treatment; and the manual dexterity and fine motor of the hand were assessed at 2 and 3 months after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The difference in the total active motion of extensor tendons of fingers was of great significance between the two groups at 1, 2, 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). The Minnesota manual dexterity and fine motor of the hand also showed significant differences between the two groups at 2 and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). Patient’s cost-effectiveness analysis results showed that the total cost of the two groups had no statistical significance (P> 0.05), but less cost was used for one point increase in the above-mentioned three functional scores of the test group than the control group (P < 0.05), indicating the implementation of cost-effective treatment. This home-made brace can prevent adhesions and anchylosis during the postoperative auxiliary exercise; meanwhile, it can improve the range of motion, flexibility and fine motor ability of the hand and has a higher cost performance in the postoperative adjuvant exercise therapy of zone II extensor tendon injury.

BACKGROUND: With good biocompatibility, osteoconduction and biodegradability, calcium phosphate ceramics is considered as a substitute of autologous bone; furthermore, it also has the potentiel of osteoinduction after structure optimization. OBJECTIVE: To review the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate ceramic and its osteoinduction. METHODS: A computer-based search of databases such as PubMed, Springer, ResearchGate and Baidu Academic was performed for articles relevant to calcium phosphate ceramics published from January 2000 to October 2015. And the keywords were “calcium phosphate, osteoinduction, tissue engineering, scaffolds” in English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: To date, there are four ideal kinds of calcium phosphate materials including hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramic material. Hydroxyapatite has better strength and cel adsorption capacity, but has poor biodegradation. Tricalcium phosphate has good abilities of osteogenesis and degradation, but its degradation rate is hard to match the new bone formation,and its strength is also relatively poor. Amorphous calcium phosphate has neither strength nor solubility. In contrast, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics has moderate degradation rate between hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, and therefore, it either can be replaced by autologous bone after degradation or exhibits proper strength. While how to further improve the physical properties and promote osteogenesis stil need much deeper research.

Objective In order to explore pathogenesis about inflammation injury of the hematoma peripheral zone after cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 48 adult male wistar rats are randomly divided into intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) groupand control group. After 3 h, 24 h,72 h and 7 d of ICH, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)was detected by immunohistochemical SABC staining in rats brain slice. Positive cells expression of the ICAM-1 were measured by color image analysis system。Brain edema were assayed by dry-wet weight method. Results The expression of ICAM-1 increased at 3 h ( P 0.05) compared to contral group. Conclusions The overexpression of ICAM-1 may play important role in the perihematoma edema formation and ischemic injury.

Objective To analyze differentially expressed genes between hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma and to clarify the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis. Methods Gene-expression profiles of 3 samples of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 4 samples of distal cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed using oligo microarray containing 21 329 genes. The differentially expressed genes between the two groups were analyzed using the Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) in order to get the specifically differentially expressed genes. The gene expression presence was verified by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results A total of 725 genes of cholangiocarcinoma was regulated significantly compared to normal bile duct. Of them, 244 genes were upregulated and 399 genes were downregualted in both groups; on the other hand, 82 gene expressions between hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma had significant differences (ratio ≥ 2.0 or ≤ 0.5). The SAM analysis showed that 40 genes, including AREG, EPHA2, SPP1, PACE4, and so on, were identified as differentially regulated between the two groups (q=0). Conclusions These data are helpful for a better understanding of the tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and contribute to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The gene expressions between hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma are significantly different, which suggests that the two tumors have different molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of F.nucleatum(Fn) and P. gingivalis(Pg) on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in peri-implant sulcular fluid(PISF).Methods: PCR was used to detect microorganism samples from PISF. According to detection of Fn and Pg, 51 titanium implants in 32 partly edentulous patients were divided into 3 groups. Clinical parameters included PD, mPLI and sICAM-1. Periopaper strips were used to collect PISF and an ELISA technique was applied to measure the levels of sICAM-1. Results: PD was significantly greater in the patients with Pg and/or Fn than that in those without Pg or Fn (P

BACKGROUND:The relationship between placing time after stem cel preparation and cel survival is the basis of safety and effectiveness for the clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of different preservation solutions and different storage time on survival rate of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels, and to provide important evidence for identifying effectiveness of stem cels. METHODS:Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels were selected to prepare stem cel preparation, which was preserved in physiological saline, medium, medium+physiological saline, physiological saline containing epidermal growth factor, and medium containing low molecular heparin calcium suspension. Cold closet was selected for imitating celular transport conditions. Samples were obtained at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours. Total cel number and cel survival rate were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The difference in cel number and survival rate was not great within 24 hours in each group. Twenty-four hours later, total cel number and survival rate were better in the medium and medium containing low molecular heparin calcium groups than in the physiological saline containing epidermal growth factor, physiological saline, and medium+physiological saline groups. These findings suggest that after stem cel preparation, the cel survival rate can reach more than 90% within 24 hours under refrigerated transport conditions. Nutritional ingredients and proper pH value of preservation solution can make the cel survival rate increased greatly.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of delayed traumatic intracranial hematoma (DTICH)followed by unilateral large decompressive craniectomy (LDC)and its influence in the prognosis of the severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI)patients,and to improve the successful rate of the rescue.Methods:The clinical data of 130 sTBI patients underwent unilateral LDC were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into DTICH group (n=42)and non-DTICH group (n=88)according to whether the DTICH occurred after operation.The risk factors of DTICH and its influence were contrastively analyzed.Results:The analysis results of the clinical data of patients in two groups showed that preoperative GCS,time from trauma to operation,skull fracture,midline shift > 1 cm, basal cistern disappear,activated partial prothrombin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),and thrombin time (TT) were significantly correlated with the appearance of DTICH (P<0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the time from trauma to operation, skull fracture, basal cistern disappearing and FIB were the independent risk factors of DTICH (P<0.05).The analysis results of GOS 3 months after operation of the patients in two groups showed that the prognosis of the patients in DTICH group was significantly worse than that in non-DTICH group (P<0.01 ).Conclusion:For those patients who accompanied with shorter time from trauma to operation,skull fracture,basal cistern disappearing and FIB decrease,the appearance of DTICH should be paid attention.DTICH can affect the prognosis of patients;prevention and early diagnosis are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective Analyzing the regional distribution discrepancy of medical and health resources in China,with the purpose of providing the government with policy making evidences for optimizing medical and health resource allocation.Results Dividing China into three regions based on regional economic development and geographic setting,and selecting 6 indicators for medical and health resources.On the basis of the statistics of 31 provinces released by the state in 2009,analyzing the interprovincial disparities of the distribution of these six resources,by means of the coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient and Theil index.Methods The largest inter-regional allocation disparity is found in the number of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies per ten thousand population.And the smallest discrepancy is found in the number of hospital beds among these regions.The top two extreme differences of resource possession per ten thousand population between the maximum and the minmum region are the number of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies and tertiary hospitals.The eastern region is the largest contributor to the discrepancy of allocation for the six resources within and between regions.The less developed regions contribute the most inter-regional discrepancy for the allocation of medical practitioners(their assistants included),hospital beds,tertiary hospitals and pharmaceutical companies.And the developed regions contribute the most inter-regional discrepancy of medical finance support from local governments and the most of the allocation of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies.In general,regions of higher development enjoy greater possession of the SIX resources per population in such regions. But these two are not always in direct proportion. Condnsion Regional distribution disparity of the six resources is not yetreasonable in China.To better meet the health needs of the population in various regions,the government is expected to increase its financial support for building biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies and tertiary hospitals in the less developed western regions,to better use resources of developed regions,and to keep off investments at low level and repetition.The government is also recommended to pay attention to the proportion of government health finance output and the quality and quantity of medical practitioners.