Objective: To extract and identify the chemical constituents in the roots and stems of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Methods: The solvent extraction and silica column chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents, and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Results: Six compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as his (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) octacosanedioate (1), tetratriacontanol (2), palmitic acid (3), glycerol monopalmitatel (4), β-sitosterol (5), and β-daucosterol (6). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new glyceroesters: compounds 2,3 and 4 are isolated from Tabernaemontana genus for the first time.

In the health service field,health resources and health service supple capacity were related with the resource and capacity in economics.Health resources,health service supple capacity and their relationships were important factors for the cooperation and benign interaction of hierarchical medical institutions.However,inversion of health resources and health dislocation of service supply capacity exacerbated the agglomeration degree of patients in the tertiary medical institutions under the impact of residents' freely searching for medical service concept.Vicious interaction and mutual competition among hierarchical medical institutions had become an important obstacle for the implementation of hierarchical medical services.Therefore,its mechanism needed to be clarified while the corresponding policy recommendations should be proposed.

Objective To study the effect of concentration of TCR-specific antigen peptides on priming naive CD4~+ T cells to develop into Th1/Th2 cells or naive CD8~+ T cells to develop into Tc1/Tc2 cells. Methods TCR-specific peptides with series of concentration were co-cultured with routine spleen DCs to activate murine naive CD4~+/CD8~+ T cells. The production of intracellular cytokines IFN-γand IL-4 were measured by flow cytometry. The dividing profile of activated T cells was analyzed by CFSE staining. Results Lower concentration of specific peptides favored Th2/Tc2 polarization while higher concentration benefited Th1/Tc1 polarization. The influence of peptides concentration on Th cells differentiation is higher than that on Tc cells. Conclusion Antigen peptides can stimulate activation of naive T cells in a wide range of concentration. However, with the increase of peptides concentration, activated T cells differentiated grad-ually from Th2/Tc2 to Th1/Tc1, which will provide significant value to control immunized dose of vaccine candidates in animal experiments.

BACKGROUND:Now it has cooperation and facilitative effete between myogenic regulatory factors through a long time study. So, gene therapy of double genes of Myod1 and Myog can obtain better effect, and can provide a new way for preventing denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To construct eukaryotic co-expression vector carrying Myod1 and Myog genes.
METHODS:Ful-length Myod1 gene and Myog gene cDNA were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and then inserted into pVAX1 vector after digested to establish the recombined Myod1 and Myog eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and then identified with gene sequencing. The in vitro cultured 3T3 cel s were transfected with pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and the expressions of Myod1 and Myog genes in the 3T3 cel s were detected with western blot assay in order to identify whether the 3T3 cel s could express the target protein correctly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sequencing results showed that the sequence length and base sequence of Myod1 and Myog cDNA in eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP were identical with the reported sequences. Myod1 and Myog protein band expressions were detected in 3T3 cel s by western blot after transient transfection. The pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, a eukaryotic co-expression vector of Myod1 gene and Myog gene is successful y constructed.

Objective: To investigate the loneliless situation of the elderly, and explore the relationship between loneliness,filial expectations and intergenerational social support among the elderly. Methods: Using UCLA Loneliness Scale, Intergenerational Social Support and Fealty Expectation Questionnaire, we investigated 423 samples of old people aged 60 ～94 of Changsha City. Results: The mean score of loneliness was 39.8 (s =7.3). Ordinal regression analysis indicated that the loneliness of the elderly was significantly related to received adult children social support (OR=2.208, P=0.006),afforded adult children social support(OR=2.056,P=0.01) and filial expectation(OR=1.872,P=0.027),controlled by age, sex, level of education, marriage, level of family income, and residence status. Filial expectation directly affected loneliness and indirectly affected loneliness through received adult children social support and afforded adult children social support. Conclusion: The loneliness of the elderly are significantly related to filial expectation and intergenerational support.

Objective: To extract and identify the chemical constituents in the roots and stems of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Methods: The solvent extraction approach and silica column chromatography were used for separation of the chemical constituents, and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Results: Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as α-amyryn (1), α-amyrin acetate (2), α-amyryl octadecanoate(3), taraxasterol acetate (4), calycosin (5), formononetin (6),and farnisin (7). Conclusion: Compound 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and Compound 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from Tabernaemontan genus for the first time.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Mobius Syndrome

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; immunology ; metabolism ; Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy

Domestic generic drug registration has a large proportion in chemical drugs with outstanding repeated registration phe-nomenon and low level innovation of enterprises. Under the above background, chemical drug registration reform kicked off. The imple-mentation of new drug registration classification, marketing authorization holder and the changes of listed drug registration documents have a huge impact on China' s pharmaceutical industry, which can promote the reformulation of domestic pharmaceutical market, en-courage R&D and innovation in enterprises and accelerate the pace towards the international market.

Objective To investigate the infection status of human papillomavirus (HPV) of females in Chongqing city ,in or‐der to provide scientific references for prevention of HPV infection and control of early cervical lesions .Methods The detection re‐sults of cervical cytology screening for 19 860 females in the University‐Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and a county‐level hospital in Chongqing from January 2012 to January 2015 were collected ,and the HPV typing data were analysed .Results Among the 19 860 females ,5 681 females were infected with HPV ,the infection rate was 28 .61% .Due to the presence of multiple infection ,the actual infection frequency of HPV subtypes in 5 681 females was 8 906 .The infection frequency of high‐risk subtypes ,including multiple infections ,was 6 166 (accounted for 69 .23% ) .According to the probability of infection ,the top eight rate of subtype infection was HPV 52 ,16 ,58 ,6 ,CP8304(81) ,33 , 53 and 18 .The positive rate of single HPV infection was 19 .38% ,the positive rate of multiple infection was 8 .74% ,in which doub‐le infection was the main infection model .The infection rate of females aged 20 years old or less(43 .89% ) was the highest ,while have the infection rate of females aged 36-50 years old was the lowest(27 .26% ) .Conclusion The HPV infection rate of females in Chongqing is high ,the most of females infected by high‐risk subtype HPV .It is necessary to lay emphasis on preventing HPV 52 , 16 ,58 ,33 ,18 infection for females in Chongqing city .