Abstract: Objective　To investigate the allelic mutations of kdr and ace-1 in Anopheles gambiae s.l., providing a scientific basis for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control in the region. Methods Mosquitoes were collected from six villages in two malaria-prone areas, Est-mono (Ogou koulidé, Kepssi, Igbomedji) and Anié (Kolocopé, Bana, Afolé). All mosquitoes were used for DNA extraction, species identification, and genotyping of kdr and ace-1. Results An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, two closely related species within the An. gambiae complex, were identified across six collection sites, with An. gambiae being predominant, constituting approximately 96.53% of the samples. Among all mosquito samples detected, high-frequency mutations were observed at the kdr 1014 locus in the An. gambiae complex, with mutation frequencies reaching 100.0% in Ogou koulidé, Bana, and Afolé, 97.5% in Kepssi and Igbomedji, and 91.1% in Kolocopé district. The allelic frequency of 1014F ranged from 85.5% to 100%. Mutation frequency of An. coluzzii 1014 locus in all three regions was 100%, with an allelic frequency of 1014F ranging from 90% to 100%, indicating a high rate of homozygosity. The kdr 1575 mutation frequency in An. gambiae ranged from 6.6% to 24.3%, with the allelic frequency of 1575Y ranging from 3.2% to 12.2%, all detected mutations were heterozygous, and no mutations were detected at the 1575 locus in An. coluzzii. Mutations at the ace-1 G119 locus were also observed in the An. gambiae complex, with mutation frequencies in An. gambiae ranging from 8.8% to 15% and the allelic frequency of 119S from 4.4% to 7.5%. In An. coluzzii, mutation frequencies ranged from 0 to 20.0%, with an allelic frequency of 119S from 0 to 10%, and all detected 119S mutations were heterozygous. Conclusions The high frequencies of the Anopheles gambiae kdr mutation observed suggest that malaria mosquito vectors in Togo may have developed a high level of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and possibly a moderate resistance to organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides. This indicates that local vector management authorities should prioritize insecticide resistance issues in future malaria vector control and resistance management planning, and conduct regular monitoring.