Objective: To optimize the extraction process for Jiangmeiling Capsule(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). Methods : Uniformity design was used in extraction adoption with schisandrin, schisantherin, deoxyschisandrin, -schisandrin as marker. Results : The optimum process was that 95% alcohol used as extraction solvent, macerated twice for 20h and 10h, respectively, the amount of solvent added up to 10 and 9 times of herbs. The extraction efficiency was 97.47%, 95.81%, 93.77% and 95.82%, respectively. Conclusion : The extraction process was stable. The experimental results provided the basis for ascertainment of Jiangmeiling Capsule.

AIM: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of schisandrin、 deoxy-schisandrin and ?-schisandrin in Jiangmeiling Capsule(extract of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). METHODS: The determination was performed by RP-HPLC on Kromasil TM C 18 column(200mm?4.6mm, 5?m) using methanol-H 2O (75∶25) as a mobile phase, flow rate at 1.0mL?min -1, detection wavelength at 224nm. RESULTS: The linear range of schisandrin was 0.02228～0.24508?g,r=0.9996. The average recovery was 101.87%, RSD=1.37% (n=5). The linear range of deoxyschisandrin was 0. 02188～0. 24068?g, r=0.9997. The average recovery was 99.75%, RSD=0.94% (n=5). The linear range of ?-schisandrin was 0.01975～0.2172?g, r=0.9996. The average recovery was 100.90%, RSD=0.99% (n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is convenient, sensitive and accurate. It can be a method for quality control in production of Jiangmeiling capsule.

Objective To establish the quality standard of flavone extracts in licorice residue; To provide the methods and basis for the quality control of total flavonoids extracted from licorice residue.Methods TLC was applied to compare the extracts with liquiritin and licorice; UV-spectrophotometry was used to measure the content of total flavones; EDTA-2Na titration was used to determine the content of calciumion.Results In the chromatogram of the test product, the spots of the same color were displayed on the corresponding position of the control medicinal material, and the fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed on the corresponding position of the control product. UV-spectrophotometry showed glycyrrhizin had a good linear relationship in the range of 3.32–9.96 μg/mL (r=0.9997), the absorbance between 0.3 and 0.7. The average recovery rate was 102.41% (RSD=3.22%), and the average content of total flavonoids in three batches of flavonoids extract was 8.82%. The average content of calciumion was 0.107% (RSD=3.61%).Conclusion This method has good repeatability, high sensitivity and accurate results, and can be used for the quality control of flavonoids in licorice residue.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in children after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Between January 2003 and June 2010,116 consecu tive cases receiving postoperative ventilation for more than 48 hours were included in this study.The patients were assigned into a VAP group(n =57)and non-YAP group(n =59).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors.Results The overall incidence of VAP was 4.18％(57/1 365).The mortality of VAP was 26.32％(15/57).Univariate risk factors included severe pulmonary hypertension,CPB time,aortic cross-clamping time,secondary CPB support,plasma albumin,low ratio of ar terial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction(PaO2/FiO2),mechanical ventilation time,the volume of postoperative drainage per kilogram of body weight,re-intubations,tracheotomy,gastric tube retention,pre vention of stress ulcer.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors included CPB time≥150 min,mechanical veritilation time ≥4 d,the volume of postoperative drainage per kilogram of body weight ≥ 18 ml and tracheotomy.A total of 90 pathogens were obtained by sputum culture in 57 VAP patients.There were 54 cases(60.0％)gram negative bacilli,32 cases(35.6％)of gram positive bacilli and 4 cases (4.4％)of eumycetes.Conclusion These results suggest that the patients with risk factors described above need more careful and postoperative surveillance and management.

Objective To investigate the influence of intensive insulin therapy on the short-term prognosis in children after cardiac surgery.Methods A total of 320 children including 192 males and 128 females who underwent cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study from Jan 2009 to Dec 2010 at the cardiac surgery department of Chengdu cardiovascular hospital.The age of these children ranged from 3 months to 12years old.According to insulin administration time and blood glucose control level,they were randomly divided into two groups.In group A,there were 165 patients who received continuous insulin infusion to maintain postoperative gloucose levels between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/L,while 155 patients in group B received insulin infusion when their glucose levels were higher than 11.1 mmol/L to control the levels between 6.1 and 11.1 mmol/L.Then the postoperative complications and blood glucose controlling were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 320 children were enrolled,and 4 800 recorded data were analyzed.The mean blood glucose level was (5.58 ±0.54) mmol/L in group A and (7.73 ±0.85) mmol/L in group B (P ＜0.01 ),and both of them were controlled within the target range.The incidence of hypoglycemia ( ＜3.3 mmor/L) was 1.65％ (38/2310)in group A and 1.04％ (26/2490) in group B.The incidence of severe hypoglycemia ( ＜2.2 mmol/L) was 0.13 ％ ( 3/2 310 ) in group A and 0.08 ％ ( 2/2 490 ) in group B.The incidences of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia were significantly increased in group A compared to group B ( P ＜0.01 ).The incidence of infection in group A was lower than that in group B [3.03％ (5/165) vs 9.68％ (15/155),P ＜0.05],but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of malignant arrhythmia,circulation failure or shock,multiple organ dysfunctive syndrome and mortality.Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy can't improve the short-term prognosis in children after cardiac surgery.

Objective To study the effect of sensory nerves on the expression of epidermal growth factor(EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) by fibroblasts in the granulation tissues in skin wound healing. Methods In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted. Fifty wistar rats were randomly divided into capsaicin group and control group. The rats in the capsaicin group were subcutaneously injected with neurotoxin dose of capsaicin(50 mg/kg for 3 days) to chemically destroy the sensory nerves. Full thickness skin incisive wound was made on the rat′s back on 8th day after last injection. The contents of substance P(SP), which was mainly released from afferent sensory nerve terminal, and EGF, bFGF in granulation tissue of skin lesion were determined using immunohistochemistry combined with computerized imaging analysis on 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th days after the incision. In the control group no capsaicin was injected. In the in vitro study the fibroblasts from granulation tissue of rats were cultured with different doses of SP(10-9 ~ 10-5 mol/L), and the protein expression of EGF, bFGF by cultured fibroblasts was determined using Western blot. Results Immunoreactive SP was not only found around the small blood vessels and in the intercellular space, but also in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in granulation tissue. SP content and the protein expression of EGF, bFGF in granulation tissue decreased in the capsaicin group, compared with those in the control group, which indicated that SP(10-7 mol/L) added into the culture medium for fibroblasts could upregulate the levels of EGF, bFGF expression. Conclusions Protein expression of EGF and bFGF by fibroblasts in granulation tissue in skin wound healing might be related with the SP released from sensory nerves.

Objective To investigate the variation of the preparation time of Yuhong Ointment under conditions of accelerated test and long-term test;To provide the necessary data for the production and new medicine application, and establish the period of validity. Methods Referring to the current guiding principles of TCM stability test, the conditions of affecting factors in trial test and long-term test were decided:β,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin content was set as quantitative indicators, combined with the key items of stability test to evaluate the stability;its validity predictive value was deduced by using statistical methods. Results In the conditions of high temperature (30 ± 2 ℃, RH 45% ± 5%), high humidity (25 ± 2 ℃, RH 75% ± 5%), and hard light (4500 ± 500 Lx, 25 ± 2 ℃, RH 45%± 5%) for 10 days, the traits, appearance and content were in line with requirements. The validity of Yuhong Ointment under 25 ℃ conditions was 41.216 months. Conclusion Under current production conditions, the stability of Yuhong Ointment is good.

The instantaneous changes of the body cavities under the impact of blast waves were studied in three dogs. The changes were recorded with the high-speed photography of three different speeds (563, 1526, and 6526 frames/second). It was demonstrated that there was an 11.7% reduction on average of the body cavities due to compression after 0.777 kg/cm2 of overpressure was received.In correlation with the authors' previous research work and with the relevant literature, it is believed that the 11.7% reduction is likely related to the severe pulmonary injury which is resulted from the abrupt disturbance of hemodynamics after blast wave impact.

According to the relevant requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and relevant reports, this article briefly introduces the basic principles, research ideas, and precautions for the revision of the “characteristics” standards of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces. In recent years, enterprises and social media reported that the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials in the market did not fully comply with the characteristics specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, this article explored the variation in the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces and its main reasons, scientific and reasonable revision of the “characteristics” of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces, the new methods for identifying properties, as well as the issues that need to be noted in revising the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces, which provided reference for the revision of the “characteristics” standards of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces.

The formation of osteolytic bone lesions is a key process for osteolytic cancer to metastasize to the bone and is under the control of a set of transcription factors. Recently, the inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) has been linked with angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis and bone formation. However, the function of Id1 during the process of bone destruction caused by cancer in vivo has not yet been elucidated. We, therefore, examined whether and how Id1 affects the ability of cancer to form osteolytic lesion in vivo. The study used a lentiviral vector overexpressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Id1 gene. PC3 cells, a prostate cancer cell line, were transduced with Id1 shRNA or negative control (NC) shRNA before implantation in BALB/c mice. Cells were implanted in a tibial injection model. Tumor formation in bone was monitored by X-ray. The relationship between parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), an osteolytic factor, and Id1 was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry in tissue sections from osteolytic lesion of the BALB/c mice. Our results showed that Id1 shRNA delivery to PC3 cells by lentivirus caused efficient and stable Id1 gene silencing. In the intratibial model, PC3 cells produced primarily osteolytic lesions in the bone. Eleven of 14 mice in Id1 shRNA group but only 4 of 14 mice in the NC shRNA group developed osteolytic lesions with cortical destruction at 4th week. Mice treated with Id1 shRNA had larger tumor volume in the bone and larger cortical destruction. The expression of PTHrP protein in PC3 cells was not affected by Id1 knockdown in vivo. These results indicate that Id1 may down-regulate the ability of PC3 cells to form osteolytic lesions in vivo and the signal pathway needs to be further investigated.