3 months. Female gender, adenocarcinoma history, non-smoking history, good PS and the presence of multiple lung metastases are associated with improved responsiveness to Gefitinib. Reflecting the results of previous clinical trials, the reports indicate that Gefitinib is generally well tolerated by Asian patients. The incidence of interstitial lung disease appears to be higher in Japanese than non-Japanese patients, although the reason for this is not clear. Recent findings regarding Erlotinib and other targeted therapy among Asian patients are discussed.

Recent progress in molecular biology has enabled us to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying pathogenesis of human malignancy including lung cancer, the advent of therapies based on mechanisms that target critical molecular pathways of tumors has evoked considerable interest. The therapeutic index is high, and optimally effective treatment can be achieved at a dose below the maximal tolerated dose,giving us a better understanding of the human lung cancer. This review focuses on the advance of targeted therapy for the first-line, second-line treatment or the maintenance treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

For advanced lung cancer,multimodality treatment is the main stream.Patients with locally advanced disease may have long-term survival rate with radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy.Patients with advanced metastatic disease may achieve improved survival and palliation of symptoms with chemotherapy.Here we reviewed the recent development in treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

A platinum-based doublet with a third-generation agent represents the standard first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with good performance status (PS). Traditional chemotherapy provides response rates of 20 %-40 % and a median survival of 8-10 months. In an attempt to improve its outcome, alternative schedules have been proposed, namely sequential, alternating, and maintenance therapy. Sequential chemotherapy with a platinum-based doublet followed by a single agent is feasible in patients with good PS; The use of sequential single agents is an option for elderly and frail patients unsuitable for a platinum-based combination. Based on trials published so far, it is unlikely that an alternating chemotherapy strategy will be proved superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with good PS.Consolidation chemotherapy may provide additional benefit for patients achieving disease control after standard first-line chemotherapy.

As a hot topic, biomarkers can provide reliable evidence for the individualized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. With the further study of molecular biology and development of new drugs,biomarkers have shown a broad prospect in clinical application. Combining with the research in recent years,this review describes the progress in biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objective To explore the mechanism of gefitinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro. Methods The effects of the gefitinib in five human NSCLC cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, H460, H1229, 95D) were studied. The inhibition of cell proliferation in each group were measured by CCK8;The status of apoptosis cells were observed using flow cytometry after PI marked;invasion of lung cancer cell inhibited by gefitinib were assessed by transwell technique;The drug was detected by western blot on the proliferation-related signaling protein. Results The proliferation and invasive capacity of NSCLC cells were inhibited by gefitinib (P < 0.05). In gefitinib group, the apoptosis rates of A549 [(9.6±0.73) %]and SPC-A-1[(14.3±1.12) %]were higher than that of control group[(3.1±0.29) %](t =11.16,P =0.001;t =4.726, P =0.009). Expression of p-AKT, p-EGFR, p-MAPK protein levels were significantly down regulated in A549 cells when gefitinib was given after 72 hours (t =6.656, P =0.003;t =16.441, P =0.0001;t =3.736, P =0.020). Conclusion Gefitinib can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cell, also can induce apoptosis in vitro and most likely to contribute to the inhibition of key enzymes in EGFR signaling transduction pathway.

Objective To evaluate the suitability of the biodegradable microsphere encapsulation of adenovirus as a targeting vector for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Encapsulate the recombinant adenovirus in PLG poly (lactic/glycolic) copolymer by the solution evaporation method, the release test and the bioactivity of viruses incorporated in vitro were studied. Results More than 19.3% of adenovirus was encapsulated in PLG microspheres. The release test shows that the adenovirus was released for more than 200 h, 50% were shed within the first 100 h, and their activity was retained. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus can be formulated in a polymer preparation of PLG with retention of bioactivity. It may be a valuable vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of contralateral testicle spermatogenesis impairment following unilateral testicular torsion in rats.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats(n=24) were randomly divided into 3 groups:group 1(sham-operation),2 and 3,each comprising 8 rats.Under surgical conditions,the left testes of the rats in groups 2 and 3 were rotated through clockwise 720? torsion,then detorsion after 12 h or 24 h,respectively.The contralateral testes were harvested after 1 month and the relative proportions of germ cells were measured by the flow cytometry(FCM).Anti-rat immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies against spermatozoa antigens were detected in contralateral testicular tissue by immunohistochemical method.Results In groups 1,2 and 3,the weight of contralateral testis was(1555.73?(72.34)),(1184.20?101.02) and(783.60?117.93)mg,respectively;the number of apoptotic cells was 53.25?8.61,1622.00?129.31 and 3401.25?179.75,respectively;the positive rates of antisperm antibodies were 0,0.55?0.02 and 0.69?0.03,respectively.There were significant differences in above parameters between groups(P

Objective To observe the effect of sulodexide combined with dipyridamole on postoperative period of internal arterio‐venous fistula in the patients with chronic renal failure complicating diabetes .Methods 72 cases of chronic renal failure complica‐ting diabetes were randomly divided into two groups :sulodexide combined with dipyridamole group(group A) and dipyridamole group (group B) .Platelet ,fibrinogen(FIB) ,prothrombin time ,activated partial thromboplastin time ,triglyceride ,total cholesterol and hemortheological indexes were tested at different time points .The internal fistula patency ,blood flow volume after internal fis‐tula maturation and time of initial internal fistula use after internal arteriovenous fistula operationwere observed .‐Results (1)The patency rate of internal arteriovenous fistula in the group A was higher than that in the group B .(2) Compared with the group B , FIB and low‐shear rate of whole blood viscosity in the group A were decreased .(3)The time of internal fistula maturation in the group A was shortened ,but the blood flow volume had no significant difference between the two groups .Conclusion Sulodexide combined with dipyridamole is safe and effective for preventing the thrombogenesis after internal arteriovenous fistula operation ,its effect is superior to single dipyridamole .

Objective To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) in a dose related manner on glucose metabolism after 65% hepatectomy in rats.Methods We determined the serum glucose levels of hepatomized rats at 0,5,10,20,and 30 minutes after an intravenous glucose load(IVGTT,0.5 g/kg glucose) on the first postoperative day,and the changes of blood glucose,serum insulin and glucagon concentrations of hepatomized rats that received the volum load with normal saline or 0.3 nmol/kg GLP-1,0.45 nmol/kg GLP-1 respectively.Blood was drawn for determination of glucose(glucose oxidase),insulin,glucagon,and GLP-1(radioimmunoassay).Results The peak glucose and 30-minute glucose levels and the area under the curve(AUC 0-30) were significantly higher in the hepatomized rats compared to the control rats,which had not undergone any operation and received a same intravenous glucose load(0.5 g/kg glucose with normal saline)(P0.05).Nevertheless the peak glucose and 30-minute glucose levels and AUC 0-30 of the hepatomized rats that received with 0.45 nmol/kg GLP-1 were significantly lower compared to the rats that received the same volum load with normal saline or 0.3 nmol/kg GLP-1 respectively after liver resection.There was an increasing postoperative serum concentration of glucose,insulin,glucagon on the first day,then,the serum glucose concentration was significantly lowered after infusion of GLP-1 in rats undergoing hepatectomy(P