Liver transplantation,as a new treatment for terminal-stage liver diseases,has made remarkable strides in the past decades.Animal models play an essential part in liver transplantation research,but differ from one another and have different limits to be used in imitating human clinical conditions.Therefore,it is the base for the development of liver transplantation to build and improve animal models by correctly selecting and utilizing different characteristics of different animals.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the implementation of national essential drugs system. METHODS:Based on the experience on the implementation of national essential drugs system in the past year,relevant policies about essential drugs system were analyzed to probe into several issues on its implementation. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The legal place of National essential drugs system should be further confirmed and qualification authentication of pharmaceutical enterprises involved in bidding for essential drugs list need to be standardized. Subject and proportion of essential drug use must be ensured as well as the supply of essential drugs to make sure the implementation of national essential drugs system.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of neuromatosis scoliosis treated by vascularized grafted rib Method The clinical date of 16 cases of neuromatosis scoliosis treated by surgical operation were analysed retrospectively Result Sixteen patients with scolisis caused by neurofibromatosis were treated by this technique The clinical result was satisfactory and solid fusion was observed in all patients within 6 months after operation Conclusion This operation is an effective method for the treatment of neuromatosis scoliosis

ObjectiveTo set up the porcine combined liver/small bowel orthotopic allotransplantation model.MethodThe donors including liver, about 2 to 3?m proximal jejunum, duodenum and a sma ll part of pancreas head were transplanted to the hybridized long-white recipie nt pigs after the resection of their livers and the majority of small bowels.ResultWithout using immunosuppressive drugs, the median survival time of the animals w as 92?h with the longest survival time being 196?h, and there was about 75?% of the animals lived for more than 24?h after operation.ConclusionThe successful establishment of the combined liver/small bowel transplantation m odel will do great favor to our future clinical practice and further study of th e combined liver/small bowel transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The glial scar formation after spinal cord injury in mammals is the physical and chemical barriers for neural regeneration, and relieving or delaying glial scar formation can provide benefit conditions for the regeneration of injured spinal cord.OBJECTIVE: To design and screen short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interfere molecular targeting the gene coding region of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat, and reconstruct the eukaryotic vector of shRNA.DESIGN: An observational animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: Twenty-five Wistar rats of clean degree, either male or female, weighing 20-25 g, were used. DMEM/F12,lipofectamine2000, Trizol RNA separating kits); fetal bovine serum (Hyclone); BamH Ⅰ, HindⅢ, Pstl, Sail and T4 ligases;Plasmid mini preparation kit and DNA gel extraction kit.METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Shenzhen Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University from October 2005 to June 2006. Three pairs of shRNA template which composed of 19 bp reverse repeated motif of GFAP target sequence with 9 bp spacer were designed and synthesized, then they were inserted directionally into plasmid Psilencer 2.1 respectively to generate small interfering RNA (siRNA) eukaryotic expression vector. ShRNA molecules were transfected by liposome via ex vivo expression repressive model of GFAP of rat spinal astrocytes. The effects of expressive suppression were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, and then the optimal shRNA eukaryotic vector of repressive expression of GFAP was screened.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Interfering sequence specific shRNA template synthesis; ② Constructing specific recombinant plasmid eukaryotic expression vector. ③ Culturing rat spinal astrocytes in vitro; ④ Effects of expressive suppression on GFAP in primary astrocytes after RNA interference detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Sequence analysis showed that GFAP-shRNA recombinant plasmid eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed, and optimal GFAP-shRNA eukaryotic vector was screened using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The GFAP expressions were reduced by 81%, 63% and 56% at the levels of mRNA and protein respectively.CONCLUSION: GFAP-shRNA eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed and screened. The gene expression GFAP of primitive rat astrocyte can be suppressed significantly by the GFAP-shRNA eukaryotic expression recombinant optimized via ex vivo cellular expression suppression model, which should pave the way for the following multiple targets of RNAi genetic manipulation in the treatment of suppression of glial scar formation after spinal cord injury.

Objective:To study the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) inducer CD147 and MMP-9 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore their correlation with invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC.Methods:SP immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of CD147 and MMP-9 in 83 HCC tissues and 15 normal liver tissues. Results:The positive rate was 73.5% for MMP-9 and 68.7% for CD147, significantly higher than normal tissues (MMP-9: 6.7%;CD147: 0%, P<0.05). Expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 were positively correlated with the tumor size, pTNM stages, differentiation degree, the portal vein cancer embolism, and postoperative recurrence (P<0.05), but not with the patient's age, gender, the serum level of alpha-fetal protein (AFP), and the Child-Pugh grades. Patients with positive expression of CD147 and MMP-9 had shorter survival time than those with negative expression of CD147 and MMP-9. Expression of CD147 was positively related with expression of MMP-9 in HCC tissues.Conclusion:CD147 and MMP-9 had positive correlation with tumor size, pTNM stages, differentiation degree, portal vein cancer embolism, and postoperative recurrence. Detection of the expression of CD147 and MMP-9 may be helpful to make a comprehensive prediction of the prognosis of HCC.

Objective Adopt the method of brachial plexus block by a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene,to discuss the effective of this method on the operation of shower and upper limb.Methods Summarize 182 cases of patients who got the upper limb operation,compared the patients adopting a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block,to the cases which un-pressing the interscalene.Evaluate the anesthesia on sense and movement and record the complicating disease.Results It got a satisfied result from a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block.In this case,all of the sense and movement including shower has disappeared,and has absolutely effect on analgesia.All of the patients avoid to be used herbal supplements and however to complicating symptom.Good rate 97％,compared to 73％ cases of un-pressing.Pressing the interscalene to block is better than un-pressing,on feet nerve,axillary nerves,the median nerve and C4 nerve.Conclusion A noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block is a effective and simple method,it needn't special equipment and has a absolutely and extensively block result on the shower and upper limb operation.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) for myocardial depression in severe sepsis patients.Methods Taken prospective study method,42 cases of severe sepsis patients were enrolled from December 2011 to June 2013.The patients were monitored by PICCO system after informing consent into ICU day,and given the corresponding treatment.According to the hemodynamic parameters were divided into two groups,myocardial depression group:cardiac index ＜ 3 L/(min· m2) and global end diastolic volume index ＞ 800 ml/m2,the remaining were in non myocardial depression group,and the patients were divided into survival group and death group according to 28-d mortality.Hemodynamic parameters and serum MIF,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) level at the 1st,3rd,Sth day after admission.Results Fortty-two severe sepsis patients,non myocardial depression in 22 cases (non myocardial depression group),myocardial suppression in 20 cases (myocardial depression group).At 28 d,20 patients of survival (survival group),22 patients of death (death group).The serum MIF in death group was higher than that in survival group at the 1st,3rd,5th day (P ＜ 0.01) ; BNP and cTnI at the 1st day in two groups had no statistical significance (P ＞0.05),BNP and cTnI at the 3rd,5th day in death group was higher than that in survival group(P ＜ 0.01).The serum MIF at each time point in myocardial depression group was higher than that in non myocardial depression group [survival:8.70(3.53,16.80) μ g/L vs.1.20(0.80,1.77) μ g/L,2.30(1.33,8.40) μ g/L vs.0.60 (0.60,0.99) μg/L,0.50 (0.31,2.50) μg/Lvs.0.16 (0.15,0.20) μg/L;death:11.43(8.10,17.16) μ g/L vs.2.30(1.96,3.69) μ g/L,9.70(6.55,14.65) μ g/L vs.1.90(1.88,5.27) μ g/L,7.50(5.15,14.20)μ g/L vs.2.40(0.80,8.46) μ g/L] (P ＜ 0.05).The serum MIF of death patients in two groups was higher than that of survival patients (P ＜ 0.05).MIF at the 5th day had biggest prediction value,AUC was 0.952,when the cut-off point of 0.65 μg/L,the sensitivity was 100％ (22/22) and specificity was 85％ (17/20).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that only APACHE Ⅱ scores was the independent risk factor for 28-d mortality (P ＜ 0.01),while MIF couldn' t independent forecast 28-d mortality (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Elevation of serum MIF prompts severe sepsis patient with poor outcome,and dynamic changes of MIF is helpful to evaluate the prognosis and severity of severe sepsis patients with myocardial depression,but MIF is not an independent risk factor for predicting 28-d mortality.

The prospective evaluation of the transformation feasibility of the research achievements is an important portion of the evaluation of the medical research achievements.This study explored to set up a system with Delphi method for the evaluation guideline of the hlansformation feasibility of the medical research achievements.And it also offered some evaluating methods and theoretical guidance to carry out the transformation feasibility of the achievements in the medical scientific research.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral infectivity factor (Vif), one of the accessory proteins, which is a small basic phosphoprotein, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. The best well-characterized function of Vif is its ability to neutralize the host cell antiviral factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G (APOBEC3G), which makes the viral particles more infective. In addition, Vif can regulate the reverse transcription and the advanced stage of replication of the virus particle, as well as induce the termination of cell cycle at G2 stage and so on. The designed drug aimed directly at Vif can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this review, the structure, function and especially the related inhibitors of Vif are reviewed.