Objective To explore the factors influencing the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) at discharge. Methods A total of 105 patients with SCI admitted to the rehabilitation medicine department at Huashan Hospital between December 2004 and October 2009 were studied. Data on eleven variables were collected including the patients' medical history, physical examination results and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores at admission. Functional status was registered according to the modified Barthel index (MBI) assessed at admission and before discharge. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of the variables.Results After rehabilitation, average MBI and ASIA scores were significantly higher. The multiple regression analysis revealed that injury grade, motor and pinprick sensation scores at admission were related to MBI before discharge.The duration of rehabilitation, the rehabilitation treatment course and motor scores at admission were related to MBI increases during hospitalization. Conclusions Patients with different ages, injury levels and severity can improve their functional abilities through rehabilitation treatment, especially patients with better initial motor ability, longer treatment and earlier intervention.

Objective: To develop new kinds of stationary phases suitable for applications in capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as well as in LC, which can be tailored to realize selective separations of solutes difficult to separate with conventional stationary phases. Methods:Purchased spherical silica particles (5 ?m) were refluxed in anhydrous toluene with vinyl triethoxysilane for 18 h, to modify the surface with vinylsilyl groups. The silylated silica particles were subsequently stirred in an n henanol acetonitril mixture (1∶4, volume fraction) for 18 h. Styrene and divinylbenzene in the mixture co polymerized to form a crosslinked encapsulation layer on the silica surface, and bonded on the surface vinyl groups at the same time, both reactions were initiated by azo iso butyronitrile. The poly(Styrene divinylbenzene) encapsulated silica(PS DES) produced can be used as a non conventional stationary phase for CEC itself. By sulphonation of the PS DES phase with chlorosulphonic acid, strong cation exchange stationary phase of sulphonic type was obtained. Results: The manufactured PS DES as well as the sulphonated phases were respectively packed into capillaries,and the columns thus prepared were tested for their chromatographic characteristics. It was found that the PS DES phase showed reversed phase characteristics. Due to the phenyl groups in the encapsulated polymer, it introduced ?-? electronic interaction between the solutes molecules and stationary phase during the chromatographic separation process, therefore it showed unique selectivity on separating aromatic compounds, also polar as well as some alkaline drugs was analyzed on the column packed with the phase. It was demonstrated that the sulphonated phase could be used to prepare columns for the separation of alkaline drugs, symmetric peaks were obtained for them and base line separation was realized. Conclusion: It is possible that these stationary phases prepared can be used for solving the analytical problems in which non conventional selectivity are needed ( the analyses of alkaline drugs are examples) In some cases, the analysts can realize the anticipated separation results based on the different separation mechanism from that of the conventional stationary phases.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ambroxol in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into three groups:The normal control group(group N),the model group treated with bleomycinA5(group B)and the group treated with ambroxol(group A).Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.Then the rats received daily ambroxol 35mg/kg(group A),or normal saline(group B).Five rats in each group were killed on 3.7.14 and 28 days after intratracheal instillation.Histological changes of the lungs were evaluated by HE stain and Masson's trichrome stain.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)in lung homogenates were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Pulmonary fibrosis of Group A was significantly improved as compared with that of Group B(P

Objective To analyze the correlation between white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods Seventeen subjects with TBI hospitalized from October 2012 to September 2013 had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of ≥ 13 (mild injury group, 10 cases) and ≤ 12 (moderate-severe injury group, 7 cases).Another 17 healthy subjects were used as controls.All were submitted to DTI examination.Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values in genu corpus callosum, splenium corpus callosum, posterior internal capsule, anterior internal capsule, and cerebral peduncle were calculated using the Neuro 3D software.Correlations between FA and ADC with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score were evaluated.Results Moderate-severe injury group demonstrated significantly reduced FA values in genu corpus callosum and splenium corpus callosum, and significantly increased ADC values of genu corpus callosum, splenium corpus callosum, posterior internal capsule and cerebral peduncle when compared to control group (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).FA and ADC values in the regions of interest did not differ significantly between mild injury group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).In the genu corpus callosum and splenium corpus callosum, FA values were positively correlated with MMSE score (r =0.636, 0.601), while ADC values were negatively correlated with MMSE score (r =0.552, 0.660).Conclusions DTI reveals the cerebral white matter lesion that is undetectable using CT and conventional MRI.DTI is a helpful tool to evaluate the degree of cognitive function in patients with TBI, which provides the basic reference for the clinical treatment and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation on rats' motor performance after moderate or severe experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods After adult Sprague-Dawley rats had received moderate or severe TBI,they were randomly assigned to either a 24 hour exercise group (group A),a 3-day exercise group (group B),a 7-day exercise group (group C) or a control group.Each group was composed of 8 rats.The exercise group endured forced treadmill training on an electric treadmill for 14 consecutive days initiated 24 hours,3 days or 7 days post TBI.The foot-fault and cylinder tests were performed on the 6th,12th,18th,24th and 28th day post injury.On the 28th day the rats were sacrificed and the brains were removed and frozen.The frozen coronal brain sections were stained with cresyl violet (CV) for quantitative evaluation of cortical lesion volume.Results The rats in groups B and C showed significant decreases in the percentage of left forelimb foot faults compared with the control group at the 18th,24th and28th day after injury.In addition,the rats of group C demonstrated significant decreases in the percentage of left forelimb foot-fault at the 12th day after injury.There was no significant difference between group A and the control group in terms of foot fault scores in any of the subsequent test sessions.In the cylinder test the forelimb use asymmetry scores of neither group A nor group B were significantly different from the control group.Group C showed marked locomotor asymmetry improvement at day 28 post-injury.There was no significantly different loss of hemispheric tissue between those groups.Conclusion After treadmill exercise for 14 consecutive days initiated at 3 or 7 days following moderate or severe TBI,rats' motor function improved.The cortical lesion volume was not associated with recovery of motor function.

Objective To analyze the effects of rehabilitation training,acupuncture and the combination of these two therapies on the motor function of stroke survivors,and to evaluate their health economics.Methods Two hundred and five stroke survivors were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group (64 cases),an acupuncture group (69 cases) and a combined group (72 cases).The rehabilitation group received conventional rehabilitation training for 28 days,while the acupuncture group received scalp needling combined with body acupuncture.The combined group received both the training and the acupuncture.The clinical neural functional deficiency scale (NDS) and functional comprehensive assessments (FCA) were evaluated at baseline and on the 28th day after treatment and 28th day after the treatment had ended.The total cost including the direct medical costs,direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were calculated and analyzed.Results The NDS and FCA scores showed no significant difference between the three groups at baseline.At the 28th day after treatment and and 28th day after the treatment had ended,both the NDS and FCA scores had improved significantly in all groups compared with the baseline.However,there was no significant difference between the groups.At the 28th day there was a significant difference in the NDS results of the combined group compared to the other two groups.Significant differences in NDS results among all three groups had appeared by the 56th day,but there was still no significant difference in average FCA scores.At the 28th day no significant difference in cost was observed among the three groups,but the combined group spent significantly less in total cost,direct medical costs,direct non-medical costs and indirect costs for a one point NDS decrement.However,there was no significant difference in the cost of producing a one point increment in FCA among the three groups.Conclusion Combining rehabilitation training with acupuncture is more economical and effective than either treatment alone.

Objective To assess differences in brain activation between active and passive movement of the right hand using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). Methods Nine healthy adult right handed volunteers were studied. fMRI was performed with active and passive finger-to-finger movement. Results Right hand active and passive movement produced significant activation in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex ( SMC ), the contralateral premotor cortex ( PMC ), bilaterally in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and in the ipsilateral cerebellum. The activated brain areas were centered on the contralateral SMC and PMC and located more forward during active movement than during passive movement. The contralateral SMC was the most strongly and the most frequently activated brain area. The contralateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was less relevant to the hand movements. Unlike active movement, passivemovement activated more areas in the posterior central gyrus than in the anterior central gyrus. Conclusions Both active and passive movement significantly activate the brain areas which are responsible for hand movement, but there are some differences in the locations of the cortex areas activated and in the incidence activation except in the contralateral SMC.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of standardized three-stage rehabilitation program on spasticity and motor function in the upper extremities after cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 364 patients were included and randomly assigned to a control group (n =181) and a rehabilitation group (n =183).The standardized three-stage rehabilitation program,which included early-stage bedside rehabilitation,specialized treatment in rehabilitation ward during recovery and rehabilitation follow-up at regular intervals was applied in the rehabilitation group,but only rehabilitation guidance and follow-up after discharge were provided for the control group.The modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were performed at the time of recruitment,1 month (M1),3 months(M3) and 6 months(M6) later.Results There was no statistical difference between the groups at recruitment.The occurrence rate of spasticity was 22.7％ in the control and 23.5％ in the rehabilitation group.At M6 the occurrence rate of spasticity was about 59.7％ and 43.2％ in control group and rehabilitation group respectively,and the number of patients grade 1 + and grade 2 on the MAS was 50/181 in the control group,significantly more than in the rehabilitation group (25/183).At all time points,MAS grade 0 accounted for a large proportion of both groups.At M6,both MAS distributions and scores of the two groups were different statistically (P ＜ 0.01).FMA scores in both groups increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) with time,with the score being (17.13 ± 16.46),(24.87±18.36),(30.68±19.41) at M1,M3 and M6 in the control group and (24.71 ±19.80),(39.83 ± 19.50),(48.87 ± 18.25) in the rehabilitation group,but the average scores of the latter were consistently significantly higher than the former (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Standardized three-stage rehabilitation can alleviate spasticity and improve motor function of the upper extremities in cerebral hemorrhage patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of eight lignan compounds of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis in vitro on carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) and to estimate the herb-drug interaction (HDI) risks of strong CES2 inhibitors selected from the above compounds. METHODS Fluorescein diacetate (FD) was employed as a specific fluorescent probe of CES2. The residual activity of CES2 was detected in human liver microsomes after the intervention with deoxyschizandrin, schisanhenol, schisantherin E, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, gomisin J, gomisin G, and gomisin O at 37℃ for 10 min, respectively. 1% DMSO served as control. Residual activity of CES2 was assessed with metabolite production of FD detected by fluorescent intensity, combined with IC50 values of the above compounds to predict HDI risks between lignans and CES2-metabolizing drugs. RESULTS Compared with control group, the activity of CES2 was significantly inhibited by deoxyschizandrin and schisanhenol (P<0.01), with IC50 values of 8.06 μmol · L- 1 and 8.91 μmol · L- 1, respectively. The other six lignans compounds exhibited mild inhibitory effect on CES2. HDI risk prediction of deoxyschizandrin or schisanhenol indicated that exposure of CES2-metabolizing drugs might increase 11.24 and 0.40 times, respectively. CONCLUSION Deoxyschizandrin and schisanhenol exhibit strong inhibitory effects against CES2 in vitro so that potential HDI risks should be taken into account during administration of drugs containing Fructus Schisandrae chinensis.

Objective In order to explore the effects of rehabilitation training and acupuncture on the neural function deficit and motor function in patients with ischemic streke.Methods Eighty patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into rehabilitation and acupuncture groups.According to different recovery stages,the rehabilitation group received purposeful rehabilitation training for 28 days while the acupuncture group received scalp needling combined with body acuptmcture.The neural deficit scores(NDS)and motor fimction comprehensive assessment(FCA) were evaluated at the recruitment(M_0),the 28~(th)(M_1)and 56~(th)(M_2)days after treatment.Results No significant difierences were found in the NDS and motor FCA between the rehabilitation and the acurluncture groups at the recruitment.The significant differences appeared at the 28~(th) and the 56~(th) days comparing with baseline assessments in each group.There was no significant difference in the changes of NDS and motor FCA between the two groups at 28~(th) day,however,the NDS and motor FCA in rehabilitation group revealed better outcome than the acupuncture group at the 56~(th) day.Conclusion The study indicated that both rehabilitation training and acupuncture could improve the neural function and enhance the motor function in patients with ischemic stroke.