Abstract Mishima Michiyoshi and Li Tingan is considered as the pioneers who comprehensively studied and actively promoted school health in modern Japan and China, respectively. School Hygiene and School Hygiene Summary was the concentrated embodiment and experience summary of Mishima Michiyoshi and LI Tingan’s school hygiene ideology, and the combination product of western public health theory and modern Japanese and Chinese school hygiene practice. They both emphasized that school hygiene can make a significant impact on the future of the country and the nation, which was the starting point for school health. School hygiene attached great importance to school sanitation, physical training, as well as infectious diseases and myopia prevention.

Abstract The frequent occurrence of infectious diseases and the high incidence of infectious diseases in schools in modern China were the important reasons for the implementation of school health in China. Peking and Shanghai had created a new era of school health in China. Schools are not only easy places for infectious diseases to spread, but also ideal places for prevention and control, educators and health experts in charge of schools should attach great importance to the prevention of infectious diseases in schools. Modern schools were committed to the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools from the aspects of maintaining general sanitary conditions, implementing special school hygiene, disinfection and preventing tuberculosis, especially in the prevention of infectious diseases among schoolchildren and the disinfection of books, wall charts, animal and plant specimens and valuable school utensils.