AIM:To prepare O/W microemulsion formulation containing sinomenine and investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers on transermal delivery character of microemulsion in vitro. METHODS: The microemulsions were prepared and characterized using Zetasize potential/particle size analysis instrument.The stability tests were performed to evaluate the sinomenine microemulsions.Franz diffusion cell was adopted as the apparatus for in vitro transdermal test.Excised Wistar-rat abdomen skin was pretreated with penetration enhancers,such as menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate. RESULTS: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was about(31.3 nm.)A high permeation rate of(32.238?1.13)?g/cm~(2)?h was showed in vitro.Ail the enhancers showed significant enhancement effect on the transdermal behavior of sinomenine microemulsion.2% borneol had the strongest effect in all. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a promising vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.Menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate were found to be the proper penetration enhancers in the transdermal preparation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of complex autoimmune connective tissue disease involving multi-organ and multiple systems.And the cardiovascular complication is a major cause of mortality in SLE patients.The diagnosis and evaluation depend on imaging.As a non-invasive,simplicity and repeatability method,echocardiography plays a vital role in evaluating heart structure and function.The application of echocardiography in the SLE with cardiovascular complications were reviewed in this article.

Objective To assess the effect of resident training in clinical skills on SARS prevention and treatment. Methods A survey was conducted by means of questionnaires on 101 residents of the authors' hospital who were at the forefront of the fight against SARS. Results Training in clinical skills assisted the residents to various degrees in SARS prevention and treatment. 100% of the residents surveyed held that the training was helpful, beneficial and assisted them in solving problems. Conclusion Training in clinical skills, which rendered the residents proficient in basic skills and more capable of clinical application of the skills, also enhanced their ability to handle emergent events in SARS prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate apoptosis in acinar cells during posttransplant reperfusion, and the expression of Bcl 2, Bax, Fas Methods Pancreas transplantation was performed between male SD rats after 2 hours of cold ischemia Rats ( n =65) were divided at random into 7 groups: sham group, cold ischemia group (as controls), reperfused 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h group The pathologic pancreatic tissue was observed by electron microscope; Apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL technique; Expression of Bax、Bcl 2 and Fas protein in pancreatic tissue were detected by SABC immunohistochemical method Results Apoptotic cells were observed in early phase after pancreas transplantation The peak of apoptotic pancreas cells occurred 3 hours after reperfusion [AI ( 9 5? 2 9)%, P

Cervical cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers in females worldwide. Despite the treatment methods of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are maturing, the prognosis of patients with recurrent, advanced or metastatic cervical cancer remains poor. Molecular targeted therapy provides new hope for these patients. This review focuses on the advances in agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, histone deacetylases and cyclooxygenase-2 in cervical cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate osteopontin (OPN) level in pulmonary tuberculosis and its clinical significance.MethodsThe level of serum OPN was determined in 80 pulmonary tuberculosis patients before anti-tuberculosis treatment[patients group,simple pulmonary tuberculosis with 60 cases (simple pulmonary tuberculosis group),pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy with 20cases (pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group)],and compared with that of 30healthy persons (healthy control group) and 20 patients having received effective anti-tuberculosis treatment and followed-up for 6 months (followed-up group).At the same time,the clinical significance of OPN was studied by other commonly used clinical indicators of tuberculosis.ResultsThe level of serum OPN in patients group [(843.49 ±569.23) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(352.50 ± 185.02) ng/L,P ＜0.05].The level of serum OPN after treatment in followed-up group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [(494.11 ±352.40) ng/L vs.(1106.60 ± 628.39) ng/L,P＜ 0.05 ] and there was no significant difference compared with those in healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05 ).The level of serum OPN in pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group [(1179.80 ±606.33) ng/L] was significantly higher than those in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group [(727.53 ±511.66) ng/L,P ＜0.05],and they were both higher than those in healthy control group [ ( 352.50 ± 185.02 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].Therefore,for further additional subgroup analysis in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group,the level of serum OPN in patients with cavity[ ( 836.51 ± 549.80) ng/L ] was significantly higher than that without cavity [ (535.52 ± 375.95 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],while the levels of serum OPN had no statistical difference between pulmonary lesion involved ＜ 3 leaf patients and ≥ 3 leaf patients,sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis positive patients and negative patients,mycoDot test results positive patients and negative patients,erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated patients and normal patients,PPD strongly positive patients and non-strongly positive patients (P＞0.05).ConclusionsOPN activity is closely related with pulmonary tuberculosis.OPN can serve as a judge of pulmonary tuberculosis and the clinical indicators of disease outcome.The level of serum OPN and the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis have some correlations.

AIM:To set up the quality standard for Fuyang Jiedu Granules(Radix Sutellariae,Herba Scute-(llariae) Barbatae,Herba Epimedii,etc.). METHODS: Radix Scutellariae,Herba Scutellariae Barbatae and Herba Epimedii in preparation were identified by TLC.The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC on Agilent Eclipse XBD-C_(18) column. The mobile phase was methanol-phosphoric-water(47∶53∶0.2).The detection wavelength was at 280 nm. A Shim-pack VP-ODS column was used to determine icariin.The mobile phase consisted of 0.32% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(75∶25).The detection wavelength was 270 nm. RESULTS: The spot on the thin layer plate was clear.The negative contral was not disturbed.The linear range of baicalin was in the range 0.122 12 ?g to 0.606 ?g.The average recovery was 99.59% with RSD of 2.16%.The linearity range of icariin was in the range 0.201 6 ?g-1.008 ?g.The average recovery was 99.49% with RSD of 1.31%.(CONCLUSION:) The methods are specific,simple,fast and accurate,and can be used for quality control of Fuyang Jiedu Granules.

Objective:To establish the model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats. Methods:The enteric drained whole pancreas duodenal transplantation model was investisated. The donor aortic segment including the celiac, superior mesenteric divergence were anastomosed with recipient abdominal aorta with end to side. The donor portal was cuff-anastomosed with left renal vein. The graft duodenum were anastomosed with the host jejunum with end to side. Results:Eighty-nine operations were performed and 51 rats were successful, of which all graft of successful case had endocrinium function. Conclusion:This model for pancreas transplantation is reliable.

This article studies the application value of disposable umbilical cord clamp and amputator during gravida childbirth.The umbilicalis is clamped and sheared with disposable umbilical cord clamp and amputator in the area of 3~5mm far from the neonatal abdomen.The operation is simple and consumedly shortens the time and reduces the procedure compared to the traditional method.It is safe and convenient,which is worth spreading.

ObjectiveTo explore the relations between R peak time and cardiac function in pa- tients with mitral incompetence. Methods Left ventricular ejection fraction of 33 patients (subject group) less 50％ and 22 patients (control group) over 50％ was given ECG to determine R peak time. ResultsThe max average of R peak time was higher in subject group than in control group (P ＜ 0. 0001). ConclusionThe results indicate that R peak time has negative correlation to cardiac function.