Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Atrophy ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Xanthomatosis ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing mandibular invasion of oral cancers.

METHODSPubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the European Grey Literature Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and CQVIP were searched electronically on January 03, 2014. Hand-searching was also performed on 19 relevant Chinese journals. The methodological quality assessment, as suggested in Cochrane Handbook, and the data extraction of the studies included were performed by two reviewers in duplicate. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Meta Disc 1.4 software.

RESULTSFourteen studies that involved 642 participants were included. Among the seven prospective studies, one had a low bias risk and the rest had unclear bias risks. When mandibular invasion was diagnosed the Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivity (SEN) was 0.718 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.665-0.767], the pooled specificity (SPE) was 0.909 (95% CI, 0.872-0.938), the area under curve (AUC) was 0.906 1, and the Q* was 0.837 8. When mandibular medullary invasion was diagnosed, the SEN was 0.787 (0.643-0.893), the SPE was 0.904 (0.790-0.968), the AUC was 0.949 6, and the Q* was 0.890 0. The Meta-regression results showed that the smaller slide thickness had a higher diagnosis efficacy.

CONCLUSIONCT showed a high efficacy in diagnosing mandibular or medullary invasion caused by oral cancers. With a high SPE, contrast-enhanced CT can confirm the clinical diagnosis of bone invasion effectively. In addition, selecting a smaller slide thickness CT can increase diagnosis efficacy.

Humans ; Mandible ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The role of CD80/CD86 and CTLA-4 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical significance was investigated. By using RT-PCR technique, the expression of CD80/CD86 and CTLA-4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were semiquantitatively detected in 32 patients with active SLE. The results showed that the percentage of positive CD86 expression in active SLE was increased significantly as compared with normal controls (90.63% vs 60.00%, P<0.01). The mean level of CD86 mRNA expression in active SLE group was markedly higher than in the normal controls (0.6410+0.0174 vs 0.4510+0.0402, P<0.001). Compared with normal controls, the percentage of positive CTLA-4 expression and the mean level of CTLA-4 mRNA expression in active SLE group were both increased significantly (both P<0.01). There was no statistical differences in positive rate of CD80 and the average level of CD80 mRNA between the two groups (both P>0.05). It was concluded that the aberrant expression of CD86 and CTLA-4 might play an important role in the activity and development of SLE.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; B7-1 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; B7-2 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; blood ; etiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

In order to prepare and apply the polyvinyl alcohol/drug-loaded chitosan microspheres composite wound dressing, we first prepared chitosan microspheres by emulsion cross-linking method, and then added chitosan microspheres into the reactants during the acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde. We further studied the morphology, water absorption, swelling degree, mechanical properties and in vitro release of the sponge with different amount of chitosan microspheres. The results showed that polyvinyl alcohol/drug-loaded chitosan composite sponge has porous structure with connectionism. Increasing the amount of chitosan microspheres would make the apertures smaller, so that the water absorption and the swelling of sponge decreased, but the tensile strength and compressive strength increased. With the increase of the amount of chitosan microspheres, the drug absorption of cefradine and the release rate increase, and the release time become longer. With the results of toxicity grade of 0 to 1, this type of composite sponge is non-toxic and meets the requirement of biocompatibility. The observation of rabbit nasal cavity after surgical operation suggested that polyvinyl acetal sponge modified with the chitosan has antiphlogistic, hemostatic and non-adherent characteristic, and can promote the healing and recovering of the nasalmucosa. After using this composite material, best growing surroundings for patients' granulation tissue were provided. Exposed bone and tendon were covered well with granulation tissue.
Animals ; Bandages ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Microspheres ; Nasal Cavity ; injuries ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of lung protective ventilation strategy combined with lung recruitment maneuver on ARDS complicating patients with severe burn.

METHODSClinical data of 15 severely burned patients with ARDS admitted to our burn ICU from September 2011 to September 2013 and conforming to the study criteria were analyzed. Right after the diagnosis of acute lung injury/ARDS, patients received mechanical ventilation with lung protective ventilation strategy. When the oxygenation index (OI) was below or equal to 200 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa), lung recruitment maneuver was performed combining incremental positive end-expiratory pressure. When OI was above 200 mmHg, lung recruitment maneuver was stopped and ventilation with lung protective ventilation strategy was continued. When OI was above 300 mmHg, mechanical ventilation was stopped. Before combining lung recruitment maneuver, 24 h after combining lung recruitment maneuver, and at the end of combining lung recruitment maneuver, variables of blood gas analysis (pH, PaO2, and PaCO2) were obtained by blood gas analyzer, and the OI values were calculated; hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) of all patients and the cardiac output (CO), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) of 4 patients who received pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring were monitored. Treatment measures and outcome of patients were recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement of a single group and LSD test.

RESULTS(1) Before combining lung recruitment maneuver, 24 h after combining lung recruitment maneuver, and at the end of combining lung recruitment maneuver, the levels of PaO2 and OI of patients were respectively (77 ± 8), (113 ± 5), (142 ± 6) mmHg, and (128 ± 12), (188 ± 8), (237 ± 10) mmHg. As a whole, levels of PaO2 and OI changed significantly at different time points (with F values respectively 860. 96 and 842. 09, P values below 0. 01); levels of pH and PaCO2 showed no obvious changes (with F values respectively 0.35 and 3.13, P values above 0.05). (2) Levels of heart rate, MAP, CVP of all patients and CO of 4 patients who received PiCCO monitoring showed no significant changes at different time points (with F values from 0. 13 to 4. 26, P values above 0.05). Before combining lung recruitment maneuver, 24 h after combining lung recruitment maneuver, and at the end of combining lung recruitment maneuver, the EVLWI values of 4 patients who received PiCCO monitoring were respectively (13.5 ± 1.3), (10.2 ± 1.0), (7.0 ± 0.8) mL/kg ( F =117.00, P <0.01). (3) The patients received mechanical ventilation at 2 to 72 h after burn, lasting for 14-32 (21 ± 13) d. At post injury day 3-14 (7 ± 5) d, lung recruitment maneuver was applied for 2-5 (3.0 ± 2.0) d. All 15 patients recovered without other complications.

CONCLUSIONSLung protective ventilation strategy combining lung recruitment maneuver can significantly improve the oxygenation in patients with severe burn complicated with ARDS and may therefore improve the prognosis.

Acute Lung Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Burns ; complications ; Extravascular Lung Water ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for detecting rifampicin in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with restricted access media coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography that allows online direct sample injection and enrichment.

METHODSWe used the column of restricted access media as the pre-treatment column and a C18 column as the analytical column. The mobile phase of pre-treatment column was water-methanol (95:5,V/V) and the flow rate was 1 mL/min; the mobile phase of the analytical column was methanol-acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonuium acetate (volume ratio of 60:5:35). The detection wavelength was 254 nm and the column temperature was set at 25 degrees celsius;.

RESULTSFor an injection volume of 100 µL, the peak area of rifampicin was 5.33 times that for an injection volume of 20 µL, and the limit of detection was effectively improved. The calibration curve showed an excellent linear relationship (r=0.9997) between rifampicin concentrations and peak areas within the concentration range of 0.25 to 8 µg/mL in CSF. The limits of detection and quantification was 0.07 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL, respecetively, with intra-day and inter-day assay precisions and relative standard deviation (RSD%) all below 5%. The recoveries of rifampicin at 3 blank spiked levels (low, medium, and high) ranged from 87.69% to 102.11%. In patients taking oral rifampicin at the dose of 10 mg/kg, the average rifampicin concentration was 0.29 in the CSF at 2 h after medication.

CONCLUSIONThe method we established is simple and fast for detecting rifampicin in CSF and allows direct online injection and enrichment with good detection precisions and accuracies.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Rifampin ; cerebrospinal fluid

The influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on lung development in newborn rats and the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on PDGF in lung development were investigated. Newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and RA group. The rats in RA group was intraperitoneally injected with all trans-retinoic acid (500 microg/kg every day) for consecutive 3 days after birth, while those in the control group were not subjected to intervention. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to locate the expression of PDGF. mRNA levels of PDGF were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at age of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 days. The method of radial alveolar counts (RAC) was used to measure the amount of the alveoli of the lungs. It was found that with increasing days, levels of PDGF-A and PDGF-B changed to verying degrees. RA could elevate significantly the expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA and protein (P<0.01), but not affect the expression levels of PDGF-B mRNA and protein markedly (P>0.05). It is suggested that PDGF might play an important role in lung development. RA can stimulate lung development through increasing the expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA and protein.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Lung ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

The pathogenesis of hyperoxia lung injury and the mechanism of amygdalin on type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) isolated from premature rat lungs in vitro were investigated. AEC2 were obtained by primary culture from 20-days fetal rat lung and hyperoxia-exposed cell model was established. Cell proliferating viability was examined by MTT assay after treatment of amygdalin at various concentrations. DNA content and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression of AEC2 were measured by using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry respectively after 24 h of hyperoxia exposure or amygdalin treatment. The results showed that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation and decreased PCNA protein expression in A-EC2 of premature rat in vitro. Amygdalin at the concentration range of 50-200 micromol/L stimulated the proliferation of AEC2 in a dose-dependent manner, however, 400 micromol/L amygdalin inhibited the proliferation of AEC2. Amygdalin at the concentration of 200 micromol/L played its best role in facilitating proliferation of AEC2s in vitro and could partially ameliorated the changes of proliferation in hyperoxia exposed AEC2 of premature rat. It has been suggested that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation of AEC2s of premature rat, which may contribute to hyperoxia lung injury. Amygdalin may play partial protective role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
Amygdalin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To explore the relationship between Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I , -II and lung development in neonatal rats. 80 timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20): group A (Control group), group B (Dexamethasone (DEX) 1 group), group C (DEX 2 group), group D (retinoic acid (RA) group). 20 pregnant rats in group A, B and D were injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with vehicle (NS), DEX, or RA respectively during gestational day 16 to 18. All newborn rats in group C were subcutaneously injected with DEX at day 1 to 3 after birth. The lung tissue was obtained at the following times: fetuses at gestational ages of 18, 20 and 21 days, and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after birth. Lung tissues were used for histopathological study, the polypeptides analysis of IGF- I, -II (immunohistochemistry and Western blot) and mRNA analysis ( RT- PCR). The results showed that the strongest expression of IGF- I in group A and D occurred at ages of 5-7 days (alveolar stage). The stronger their expressions, the better the alveolar develop. The peak stage of expression in group B occurred earlier, on the day 3 after birth. Compared with group A, the expression of IGF-I during gestation age of 18 days to age of 3 days in group B were significantly higher (P<0.01), but significantly lower at other time points (P<0.01). The expression of IGF-I was lower in group C all the time and always higher in group D than those in group A (P<0.01). The peak expression of IGF-II took place at the gestation age of 18 days, then gradually dropped to trace. During 18 days of gestation to age of 3 days, the expression of IGF-II in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.01). No difference was found among all other groups. The change in the expression of IGF-I, -II mRNA in all 4 groups was similar to that of their polypeptides. The results suggested that there is a close linking between IGF-I , -II and lung development in newborns. The IGF-II works at early stage and the that of IGF- I works at the stage of new septa formation and alveoli maturation. The stronger their expressions, the more mature the lung development.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lung ; embryology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Male ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology