Objective: To explore the association of the interaction between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with the comorbidity risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, so as to provide the theoretical basis for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: The data for the study was obtained from the population aged 6-17 in Hebei Province during the 2022-2023 monitoring of nutrition and health status of Chinese residents. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests on 2 118 children and adolescents. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesity, and multiplication and addition models were used to analyze the interaction of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesit. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the surveyed children and adolescents was 67.80%, the incidence of dyslipidemia was 24.46%, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41.97%. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no multiplicative interaction of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia with overweight and obesit ( OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.57-1.43, P >0.05). However, the risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia was 3.99 times higher than that of those with sufficient vitamin D and normal blood lipids ( OR=3.99, 95%CI=2.93-5.45, P <0.01). There was a positive additive interaction between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, with relative excess risk of interaction, attributable proportion of interaction and synergy index of 14.40, 81.50% and 7.35, respectively. Conclusions For children and adolescents, there is a synergistic effect between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, and the coexistence of both increases the risk of overweight and obesity. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to timely supplement vitamin D and maintain normal blood lipid levels, to reduce the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.